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Monday, January 21, 2002 12:48 AM
Comments

Dear Mr. Feinberg:

I lost the sole provider for my family on September 11, 2001, when my husband was killed in the Pentagon.  My husband and I have two young children and I am a stay-at-home mother.  I am losing sleep and can hardly eat over the anxiousness I feel about our financial future.  I pray that you will listen to the comments made and will incorporate those suggestions that make sense to you and are feasible.  I am not trying to become wealthy, but want to be able to provide for my children the way my husband would have if he had not been killed.

My comments about the fund are as follows:

ECONOMIC LOSS
The baseline for earnings should NOT be calculated using the average of income from tax returns over 1998, 1999, and 2000.  They should be based upon the current salary level at the time of death.  My husband had 27 more years of work ahead of him.  He had just received a promotion in the fall of 2000, which would not be reflected using the currently proposed formula.  My husband was definitely going to continue to be promoted; however, the currently proposed formula would cause his earnings to DECREASE!  Since the intent of this portion of the formula is to project future earnings, please use the 2001 salary level as a baseline.

NON-ECONOMIC LOSS
This amount should not have collateral offsets deducted from it, but should be protected and preserved.  Therefore, please consider excluding it from the formula.

The amounts suggested for non-economic loss are too low--especially for the dependents.  The pain and suffering my children will experience for the rest of their childhoods and lives is most certainly worth much more than $50,000.  My family should receive well over $100,000 more than someone without children.  The trauma I am feeling is multiplied threefold by the pain of my children.  While it is impossible to put a figure to the suffering felt, the amounts need to be much higher.  If we decide to participate in the fund, we would be giving up our right to sue for wrongful death; therefore, the figures should be somewhere in between life insurance figures and historical litigation awards.  My suggestion would be $750,000 per victim plus an additional $250,000 per dependent.   

I hope that you will incorporate some of our suggestions to come up with a program that is a compromise to litigating and attractive enough for us to choose.   

Individual Comment
Manassas, VA 

 
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              <text>Sunday, January 20, 2002 2:45 PM
The Fund

Dear Mr. Feinberg,

On September 11th we were enveloped in a horrendous nightmare that we have been unable to awaken from. The unimaginable happened. Four of our own planes were used as guided missiles to topple landmark buildings and kill innocent civilians. How could this happen have happened? Four months later that question remains unanswered and haunting. Four months later we are still overwhelmed with disbelief. Many of the surviving loved ones have still not gotten out of bed. While we were struggling to deal with our own despair, unbeknownst to us there was another force at work.

On September 12th while we were calling hospitals, filling out missing persons reports, running in to the city looking for our loved ones in the hopes that they were among the lucky to have survived, one hundred lobbyists were hired by the airlines. The airlines felt that they needed protection from the families of the victims. Before we, the families, could stand up on our own two feet, the airlines and the government designed a plan, not to help the victims' families or change and improve aviation security for all of America, but to protect American Airlines and United Airlines from bankruptcy. The airlines were given a "get out of jail free" pass. The legal rights of the victims were severely curtailed. The airlines had to know that they were responsible or they would not have run to congress asking to be bailed out and stabilized. Thus the Victim's Compensation Fund was born. 

The intent of Congress with this fund seemed to be that if they were protecting the airlines they should give some thought to the families of the people who were killed on September 11th. The thought was brief, mistakes were made. We are only now beginning to understand the ramifications of what we have been dealt. In the midst of our grief and suffering we have been forced into a political arena which we are struggling to understand. The government deadlines on many of these issues are causing further anxiety. 

In short, the government has said the victims' families have to give up their rights to sue in order to settle for an undetermined and undisclosed amount. When in America would that ever be an acceptable option? While the appointed Special Master of the Fund has continually advertised his 1.6 million dollar award he does not stress that it is before the deductions of life insurance, death benefits and pensions. The truth is that after those deductions are applied most people will only be entitled to the minimum award. The truth is that prior to September 11th these deductions were never applied in a wrongful death case. The truth is that the victims families DID NOT ask the government for this Settlement Fund. It was forced upon them. In a "normal" wrongful death case one would sue to recover economic and non-economic losses as well as punitive damages to insure that the negligence that caused the wrongful death never happens again. Where along the way did we, the families, lose our constitutional rights?

Our lives that were once filled with normal daily routines (grocery shopping carpooling childcare etc.). are now filled with therapy, support groups, advocacy meetings, attorney and accountant meetings and media sessions. Our daily routines now include, fighting to get back remains of our loved ones in a timely and humane manner, spending the day calling our Congressmen and Senators to fight for our legal rights, spending the day doing those things necessary to fight for financial security for our families, and fighting to retain our sanity and the sanity of our children, advocating on behalf of our loved ones so that their lives would not have been lost in vain, and not giving into the sadness which is paralyzing but must be felt.

We have lost so much. We do not want to feel further victimized. We do not want our children to be further scarred. The families of the victims need to be able to pick up the pieces of our lives and move on from here without anger and with our faith restored in our country. We are pleading with the powers that be ,be our voice. let at least one part of the nightmare end.

Respectfully Yours ,
Individual Comment


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Tuesday, February 05, 2002 2:02 PM
Hello

To whom it may concern:

Both myself and my family had been greatly affected by the Trade Center 
Disaster on 09/11.  I, indeed, lost my father.  At the time of his passing, I 
was receiving financial support that was vital to myself and to the rest of 
my family, including my infant son, . I turned to many private 
charities for their help, and must admit, that the Red Cross was that which 
was best able to aid us in this financial difficulty.  I have been going 
through a lot, but although the help received was great, the bills are once 
again beginning to pile up, and fast.  I am writing this letter asking for 
help.  Like I said previously, I have turned to many organizations for help, 
and only the Red Cross and the Salvation Army was able to help me.  Truth be 
told, I am a young parent, who was still dependant on my father for financial 
help.  With his passing, came many hardships for my family.  I would like 
someone to respond as promptly as possible. I appreciate that which I have already received, but as 
aforementioned, I need Help!!!

Individual Comment
Kenilworth, NJ 
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Friday, March 15, 2002 5:17 PM
gay and lesbian victim benefits


How can you even begin to pretend that it is fair and judicious to entitle illegal aliens the right to victim funds, yet deny the partners and famililes of gay and lesbians any rights because of "legal" issues.  For the record i am a 46 year old, white female, Republican who voted for George W., soccer mom, small town, business owner who makes $500,000+ per year.......with a cheerleader for a daughter and a star athlete for a son, married 25 years......in other words with the exception of the income i AM your sterotypical white republican.....all the rules went out the window on 9-11......do what's right and screw the politics!!!!!!!!!!
Individual Comment
Grants Pass, OR 
 
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Thursday, November 29, 2001 3:18 PM
Please include consideration of my concerns!

Dear Members of the DOJ &amp; Director Kenneth L. Zwick,

I urge you in the strongest language of which I am capable to include 
among those who may receive compensation from the September 11 Victim 
Compensation Fund those who lost their life partners or de facto 
parents or children, regardless of sexual orientation or marital 
status.  In other words, please include lesbian, gay, bisexual, or 
transgendered Americans among those who deserve recognition for their 
losses.

All of us as human beings are affected by death &amp; loss; do NOT set 
aside the love &amp; family units created by human beings whose sexual 
orientations might be other than heterosexual. Please recognize their 
families as deeply affected by these tragedies, please recognize 
their financial situations as being of EQUAL merit to ANY OTHER 
citizen of this nation who lost a loved one or was injured in the 
heinous attacks of September 11, 2001.

This is an historic time, after events that were never imagined 
before September 11th.  I urge you as strongly as I can to act with 
compassion &amp; common sense.  Please include language that includes ALL 
AMERICANS &amp; their families as worthy or compensation by the September 
11 Victim Compensation Fund who can document domestic &amp; financial 
interdependence.  Thank you.

Emphatically yours,

Individual Comment


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Thursday, December 20, 2001 4:18 PM
9/11 Victims


December  20, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Kalamazoo, MI
 
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              <text>

Thursday, December 27, 2001 10:03 AM
Protect Traditional Marriage


Mr. Kenneth Zwick
Office of Management Programs Department of Justice
Washington. DC
Dear Mr. Zwick:

I
want to express my opposition to any effort by the federal government to provide
9-11 victim compensation funds to "domestic partners" of unmarried
survivors of the terrorist attack upon our nation.
Funds
disbursed through the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 should
only go to the surviving family members of those who died on 9-11. Funds must go
to the widows, widowers, orphans, and other blood-related or adopted members of
the family--not to unmarried sexual partners of those who died.
To
provide funds to "domestic partners" is to undermine the traditional
definition of marriage and family to include any number of sexual liaisons
between same-sex or opposite-sex unmarried couples. Many homosexuals and
swinging heterosexuals, for example, engage in sex with multiple partners. Do we
provide funds to each of the sexual partners? Where do we draw the line on how
many "domestic partners" a person may have?Homosexual
activists are exploiting the 9-11 tragedy by asking the federal government to
redefine what constitutes a legitimate "family" under the law. In
fact, homosexual activist &amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp , writing in Out magazine
has openly called for the subversion of the concept of marriage between a man
and a woman. He has urged homosexuals to fight for the legalization of
homosexual marriages and once legalized to "redefine the institution of
marriage completely . . . . to debunk a myth and radically alter an archaic
institution. . . . The most subversive action lesbians and gays can under
take--and one that would perhaps benefit all of society--is to transform the
notion of 'family' entirely."
If
the DOJ provides funds to "domestic partners," it will be helping
&amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp accomplish his goal: That of redefining marriage and altering what he
calls an "archaic institution." 
We
also oppose September 11th Funds going to the estates of the deceased instead of
to their surviving family members. No one can know for certain where these funds
will end up if they are deposited in the estate of a person who has died. The
person may have willed his estate to a terrorist, racial hate group, or even to
an organization like the North American Man-Boy Love Association. No one will
know unless each person's will is examined by a DOJ lawyer.
The
money should go to the surviving family members of the deceased, not to the
estate or to the surviving "domestic partner." 
 
Individual Comment
Half Moon Bay, CA


 
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              </elementText>
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Thursday, March 21, 2002 2:08 PM
Discriminate

I AM SO SICK OF OPENING UP MOST COMMENTS AND READING ABOUT THE GAYS BEING
DISCRIMINATED.  TIME TO CHANGE THE SUBJECT!!  REALLY!!
 
WHERE IS THE CONCERN FOR DIVORCED MOMS OR DADS THAT ARE ELIMINATED?
WE HAD THE DECEASED' CHILDREN.
 
ALSO WHAT ABOUT CHILDREN OVER THE AGE OF 18.  THEY AREN'T AN EXEMPTION ON
THE TAX RETURN ANY LONGER ALTHOUGH THEY RESIDE WITH PARENTS.  THEY
ELIMINATED TOO
 
 
COME ON.  I AM SO SICK OF READING YOUR TALE OF WOE ON DISCRIMINATION.  THERE
ARE OTHERS BEING ELIMINATED.
 
 
Individual Comment
WHITE PLAINS, NY
 
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Tuesday, March 19, 2002 6:28 PM
Gays and Lesbians can be heroes also!

 3/19/02

To Whom It May Concern:

Gays and Lesbians seem to be worthy enough when it comes to our government
taking our tax money to support government officials perks and fund government
officials pork spending, but we're not worthy enough to be American Heroes.

If September 11 has taught us anything, it's that our patriotism and love of country transcend our differences and unite us all. We were told that September 11 was the day
that "hyphenated-Americans" were no more, and rather than being Italian-Americans,
African-Americans or gay-Americans, we were now simply Americans, all of us together
as one American family. Apparently, that family just got a divorce.
The hyphens seem not to matter when our government wants to use our heroism to inspire
others, but when it comes time to actually aid the families of those heroes, the hyphens come back with a vengeance, and it seems that some American heroes are now more equal than others.

I'm extremely outraged that gay and lesbian partners of those who died on September 11 
are not automatically going to receive the same benefits as heterosexual spouses. 

Yes, I am a proud, gay, American.. but right now I?m not proud of a
government, MY government that would deny proceeds from the September 11
Victim Compensation Fund to worthy individuals, just because they are gay.

Respectfully,

Individual Comment

 
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Saturday, March 16, 2002 4:54 PM


I protest the discrimination by the 9/11 victim fund against the partners of gay victims.  It is unworthy of our Congress and this country.  

Individual Comment
Louisville, KY



 
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Saturday, December 22, 2001 2:35 PM
Protect Traditional Marriage


Mr.
Kenneth Zwick
Office
of Management Programs
Department
of Justice
Washington,
DC
Dear
Mr. Zwick:
 
I
want to express my opposition to any effort by the federal government to provide
9-11 victim compensation funds to "domestic partners" of unmarried
survivors of the terrorist attack upon our nation. 
Funds
disbursed through the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 should
only go to the surviving family members of those who died on 9-11. Funds must go
to the widows, widowers, orphans, and other blood-related or adopted members of
the family--not to unmarried sexual partners of those who died. 
To
provide funds to "domestic partners" is to undermine the traditional
definition of marriage and family to include any number of sexual liaisons
between same-sex or opposite-sex unmarried couples. Many homosexuals and
swinging heterosexuals, for example, engage in sex with multiple partners. Do we
provide funds to each of the sexual partners? Where do we draw the line on how
many "domestic partners" a person may have? Homosexual
activists are exploiting the 9-11 tragedy by asking the federal government to
redefine what constitutes a legitimate "family" under the law. In
fact, homosexual activist                 , writing in Out magazine
has openly called for the subversion of the concept of marriage between a man
and a woman. He has urged homosexuals to fight for the legalization of
homosexual marriages and once legalized to "redefine the institution of
marriage completely . . . . to debunk a myth and radically alter an archaic
institution. . . . The most subversive action lesbians and gays can under
take--and one that would perhaps benefit all of society--is to transform the
notion of 'family' entirely."
If
the DOJ provides funds to "domestic partners," it will be helping
                 accomplish his goal: That of redefining marriage and altering what he
calls an "archaic institution." 
We
also oppose September 11th Funds going to the estates of the deceased instead of
to their surviving family members. No one can know for certain where these funds
will end up if they are deposited in the estate of a person who has died. The
person may have willed his estate to a terrorist, racial hate group, or even to
an organization like the North American Man-Boy Love Association. No one will
know unless each person's will is examined by a DOJ lawyer. 
The
money should go to the surviving family members of the deceased, not to the
estate or to the surviving "domestic partner." 
 
Individual Comment
Westminster, CO



 
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Wednesday, December 19, 2001 6:47 AM
don't discriminate based on race, gender, age, nationality or
sexual preference


December  19, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Brooklyn, NY 

 
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Thursday, December 20, 2001 11:20 AM
Equal access for all victims


December  20, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Pennsauken, NJ 
 
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Wednesday, March 20, 2002 8:49 PM
Compensate gay victims and families

My husband and I are outraged that same sex families will be denied 
compensation in the 9/11 disaster.  We have two sons one is gay.  Our gay 
son is denied safe employment in 39 states.  If he were in New York and 
killed his partner would be denied compensation.  This is not fair.  Until 
our son told us that he was gay we assumed that here in America both our 
sons had equal rights.  We hate that our tax dollars are used to 
discriminate or support legislation that denies our gay son rights.  We 
support civil unions equal to marriage or marriage so that these kinds of 
discriminations will cease.

Sincerely,

Individual Comment

 
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Wednesday, December 19, 2001 1:00 PM
Gays and Lesbians of Sept. 11th


December  19, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
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mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,
Individual Comment
Syracuse, NY

 
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Wednesday, December 19, 2001 10:16 AM
Attention


December  19, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality.

This issue is of particular importance, since America now seems to be
putting itself in the position to police all other nations of the world.
With our pathetic track record in our own country in terms of just and
equal rights  for people of different ethnic groups, economic classes, and
most relevantly, for people who live outside of "traditonal family values",
it is most important to me that we prove ourselves to be just in this case.
Please allow the families of all those killed in the September 11 tragedy
to receive equal benefits under the law.

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Newburyport, MA
 
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Monday, January 21, 2002 7:45 PM
Comments on documented Interim Rules

To:
Kenneth Feinberg
Deborah E. Greenspan
Office of the Special Master

Re:
Comments on the Interim Rules of the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund

From:


We have received from your office the additional information on the presumed
economic loss calculations for the September 11 Victim Compensation Fund,
and we have comments on the Interim Rules for calculating damages.  First,
we want to thank you for making this information available.

We agree with &amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp&amp;nbsp comments to us that much confusion
has occurred over the past month concerning the interpretation of the
Interim Rules, and that a number of families of victims have, rightly or
wrongly, been disturbed by the presumed economic loss calculations for the
VCF.  We would point out that this confusion partially results from the lack
of detail and explanation contained in the original release of the rules on
December 20.  It was impossible to replicate or adjust the calculations
given the level of information provided.  The first explanatory release
contained no specific information or documentation on effective tax rates,
self-consumption rates, work-life expectancy, fringe benefit rates, or
decipherable application of age-earnings growth rates.  Whether the last
formulas were part of the original calculation, or were added in response to
criticism, is really irrelevant.  We are grateful that that information has
now been released and we have an additional set of observations concerning
the accuracy and fairness of the calculations.  You have not provided
information related to documented sources that you relied upon, or will be
relying on, to determine "effective tax rates" or the sources of the
life-cycle earning adjustments (you simple state two actuarial boards).  You
have provided no detail regarding how the discount rate was determined and
then adjusted for taxes, and the information regarding the self-consumption
rates appears to be deficient.  We hope that you will release this
information as a part of the final rules.

You are correct that no one model will be viewed as fair or appropriate to
all groups, or that one set of compensation tables will be relevant to a
specific individual.  You have stated that individual factors will be
considered in each case of compensation, and that individuals may appeal
your findings through the submission of an alternative set of compensation
assumptions.  No one can predict the outcome of such appeals in advance, but
we are sure that you will strive to give a fair hearing to all claimants.
Obviously, families will be reluctant to sign-up as claimants for the VCF
without knowing the outcome of the final compensation in advance, but the
same would be true in a litigation arena.  We appreciate the opportunity to
provide you with recommendations for enhancing the procedures for
compensating the September 11 victims and their families.  We know this is a
difficult and unenviable task for you as Special Master. We have talked to a
number of families of victims, as you have, and we can understand their
anxieties about the compensation process.  Our comments are directed at
assuring the families that the process will be fair and accurate.

Specific changes to the methods of compensating economic damages can still
be made that will address some of the concerns of economists and the
victims' families.  Below we offer some comments that fit broadly as a part
of the plan.  There are many specific issues that we do not address.  We
continue to offer a group meeting with you and your experts along with
leading authorities in the academic study of forensic economics to go over
the many necessary adjustments to your basic structure that will force a
response on a case-by-case basis.

The most obvious deficiency in the plan is the omission of lost services as
an economic loss suffered by families of victims who were working on
September 11.  The plan calls for the calculation of the value of such lost
services for non-working or part-time working victims, but provides no
direct compensation to families of working victims as clearly referenced in
the "Act."  Lost household services are almost universally recognized as an
element of economic loss in personal injury/death litigation.  There are a
number of statistical sources and procedures for making such calculations,
and their absence in the plan to all victim families is inappropriate.

The following are comments in the order matching your "Explanation of
Process for Computing Presumed Economic Loss" that you released Friday,
January 18, 2002 as follows:

1.  Establish the victim's age and compensable income.

You should adjust the three years of earnings information to a 2001 constant
dollar base.  For example, in 1998 the Consumer Price Index for All Items
(CUUR0000SA0) was 163.0, in 1999 it was 166.6, in 2000 it was 172.2, and in
2001 it was 177.1.  Under this one approach, you would multiply 1998 total
earnings by 177.1/163.0, 1999 total earnings by 177.1/166.6, and 2000 total
earnings by 177.1/172.2.  The average earnings will now be in base 2001
dollars for projection into the future.

As an example of the appropriateness of this calculation, it is easy to see
that you would never average nominal earnings in 1990 (say $12.00 per hour)
with nominal earnings in 2000 (say $20.00 per hour), for an expected
earnings level of $16.00 per hour in 2001.  The same logic applies when
averaging 1998-2000 earnings for a 2001 earnings base.

2.  Determine after-tax compensable income

The tax rate data for this adjustment has yet to be published by your office
so comment is difficult.  An average effective tax rate across various
household types can be deceiving.  You note that you will consider the
victim's tax returns, please do so.  Also keep in mind the differences in
tax rates possible based upon position in life with circumstances such as
home mortgage deductions, number of dependents, tax deferred income, etc.
For example, even though a person might earn $100,000 at their job, through
401(k) plans they might be able to defer up to $15,000 of that income.  So,
current income taxes would be computed on $85,000 of W-2 taxable earnings
instead of $100,000.  Simply applying some average statistics will not
satisfy the requirement for this adjustment.  Perhaps a more appropriate
methodology would be to use the Consumer Expenditure Survey data, which
actually includes tax payments by level of household income.  We find it
inconsistent that you are going to use national data for some major economic
adjustments, but for a subtraction from loss you are planning to use local
income tax rates, which are in many cases higher than national averages due
to domicile.

3. Add pension and other benefits.

You state, absent supplied information, that you will substitute $2,400 per
year in current dollars for loss of health insurance.  To be made whole,
loss must be based upon the cost to secure replacement insurance in the
market by age and number of dependents.  The $2,400 figure might be
insufficient in many cases to replace this loss.  We urge you to probe each
claimant for the correct figures in each case.

Pension and other benefits can be very complicated.  Many financial workers
will be accumulating stock options, profit sharing, ownership positions,
etc., which will require very detailed analysis.  We urge you to consult
known experts when making these computations.

Whatever collateral source benefit you deduct, you will need to consider
adding the benefit back for an offset due to loss of benefit accumulation.
For example, you state that you are deducting current pension income as a
collateral source, so you rightly add it back in as a benefit.  However, if
you deduct current Social Security collateral income, you may also need to
also add that benefit back in.  For example, a survivor's Social Security is
based upon the decedents earned Social Security credit to the time of death.
A future Social Security benefit would be based upon additional Social
Security credits at a higher earning level.  By receiving Social Security
now, lost Social Security may exist in the future.  There is a literature in
the forensic economic field regarding these calculations.

4.  Worklife expectancy

The use of the Ciecka Work-Life Expectancies is an improvement over the
previously unavoidable presumed use of Bulletin 2254 Work-Life Tables.
Officials at the Department of Labor had told us that your analysts
requested the Bulletin 2254 tables, and no mention of the Ciecka tables was
contained in the Interim Rules.

These tables, however, still must be used with caution.  The tables
represent average labor force participation and death rates for males and
females, by age, which may have limited applicability to a specific
individual.  A working single mother will likely have a longer worklife than
a married wife/mother who has elected to stay at home because of financial
security.  Nevertheless, both are contained in the same average length of
expected labor force participation.  Many forensic economists generally use
the "Male" category for career working females.  We urge that education also
be considered when using the tables.

An inconsistency in your application of worklife and lost services reveals
itself in the case of women.  Women often exit the labor force to provide
services for their family members.  The difference in worklife for younger
women is 4 to 5 years shorter than younger men in the Ciecka table.  You
would compute replacement services loss damages for families of part-time or
not in labor force (NILF) women and ignore their potential re-entry into the
labor market.  However, by using the shortened worklife of women, you
implicitly consider the exit from the labor force of women in order to
provide services that you compensate those that are NILF on September 11.
You should recognize the 4-5 years of projected NILF status of women and at
least give them the same damages for these years that you give those that
were NILF on September 11.  You should also give women who were NILF on
September 11, the expected value of their future earnings upon probable
future re-entry into the labor force.  The problems you face using gender
specific worklife tables can be mostly avoided using other
gender-indifferent methods of determining worklife.  We would be happy to
discuss those alternatives with you and your experts.

Finally, Professor Ciecka, through his own publishing company, sells an
expanded set of worklife tables based upon the exact methodology and data
contained within his JLE article.  We urge that you use the accurate,
detailed tables that Professor Ciecka offers for sale instead of the
abbreviated tables published in the JLE.

5. Project compensable income

The assumed growth rates in future earnings will likely overcompensate the
lower paid (low human capital) individuals under 30, while under
compensating the highly educated and high earner individuals.  The
methodology you employ is not generally accepted in the abundant literature
regarding life-cycle earnings.  The use of established age-earnings cycle
formula by level of human capital would be preferable to the methods you
employed in the proposed loss tables.  Age-earning cycles should be
recomputed based upon human capital.  You have also not provided citation to
the life-cycle growth rates in your calculations.

6. Present value

You continue to not document the source for the interest rate and the
procedure you used to adjust the interest rate for income taxes.  In
footnote 5, your statement of the net discount rates is mathematically
incorrect, using a simple subtraction of growth rates from the discount rate
rather than a geometric subtraction.

You will have to use a non-tax adjusted interest rate (i.e. pre-tax nominal
interest rate) when figuring the present value of some collateral sources.
For example, some collateral sources will generate taxable income (e.g.
Social Security survivor benefits may be taxable given the level of future
other income and most pension benefits would also be taxable) and using an
after-tax interest rate to compute present value for the annuity collateral
benefits will overstate their present value.

Reducing loss for pension, thrift or profit sharing payments and life
insurance creates a set of potential difficulties in calculating loss.  For
example, the future marriage of a surviving spouse could revoke payments in
specific pension or survivors benefit payments that would occur in the
future.  Yet, the loss might already be reduced for such payments.  The
calculation of net losses and gains in Social Security and pension payments
because of early death or disability is very complex.  These collateral
income reductions will be a continuing source of conflict between the VCF
and the families of victims.

7. Self-consumption

Self-consumption rates appear to be liberal in many cases.  It is troubling,
however, that you list Table 2 of the CES 1999 as the source for the
computations.  Table 2 simply presents consumption in households by total
income level up to $69,999 and then $70,000 and over.  Additional data would
be required to make the calculations you show.  For example, you compute
rates for single households where no data for single households exist in
Table 2.  The understanding of the data is also limited by your comment
about low-income households.  Low-income households and low-earning
households do not necessarily correspond.  There is a portion of households
in the low household total income range that are, in actuality, very wealthy
households.  For example, farmers owning 1000's of acres of land with
millions of dollars of cash flow and expenditures could show $2,000 of total
household income figuring huge farming losses.  Such outlier households, in
Table 2, are averaged with living poor with an actual $2,000 of total income
and cash flow.  The Consumer Expenditure Survey is a relatively small sample
and just a few households can skew estimates.  We urge caution when working
with data at the low and high end of these income categories.

8. Computation methodology favors claimants

Statements you make in this paragraph are non-economic.  You believe that
your methods favor the claimants, but fail to provide relevant comparators.
For example, a projected worklife of 20 years would benefit a person dying
of cancer on 9-11, but it could hardly be applicable in the case of many
career-working females.

Your last statement is without basis and can easily be turned around with
relevant economic analysis. Your "wage growth" as stated in your documents
is 1.03*1.005-1 = 3.52%.  Your post-tax discount rate is 5.13%.  The
combination of these rates computes to a net post-tax discount rate of
1.56%.  A post-tax net discount rate of 1.56% is not uncommon to see in
wrongful death damages litigation.  Unfortunately, you are confused in your
secondary application of a series of life-cycle adjustments to account for
growth due to individual productivity with the concept of the "net discount
rate" that is used in the academic literature.  In the academic literature,
the net discount rate is the difference between the discount rate and the
general rate of price or wage rate growth absent individual productivity.
The application of life-cycle adjustments adds a concept outside the net
discount rate term and your remark has no comparator in the literature.
Every case generates a net discount rate that can be compared across cases,
but it also generates a unique value of life-cycle adjustment.  Your
statement may provide confusion to academic work presented in courtrooms in
the future that follow the generally accepted approach of comparing net
discount rates.

Although you do not provide documentation of your pre-tax interest rate, we
can turn around your arguments in this section with a simple adjustment.
Suppose that you made a 25% adjustment to the interest rate to account for
taxes.  Dividing 5.13% by 75% yields a pre-tax discount rate of 6.84%, a
reasonable figure if you are taking a historical average.  Now, the relevant
net discount rate that you are using must be figure on 6.84% and 3.52% to be
comparable to those net discount rates in the literature.  Under the 25%
assumed tax adjustment, the net wage rate discount rate would be
1.0684/1.0352-1 = 3.21%, which would fall at the higher end of observed
pre-tax net discount rates, not the lower.


Individual Comment
 
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Illegal Aliens are better than Gay US Citizens???
3/17/02 12:22:41 PM Bangkok Standard Time



"In Germany, the Nazis first came for the Communists, and I didn't speak 
up because I wasn't a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I 
didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade 
unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then 
they came for the Catholics, but I didn't speak up because I was a 
Protestant. Then they came for me, and by that time there was no one left
to speak up for me."

-Martin Niemoeller, Berlin Lutheran pastor arrested by the Gustapo and 
sent to Dachau concentration camp in 1938; the Allied forces freed him 
7 years later.


I am really upset that the land of the free and the home of the brave can STILL discriminate against gay
people because it seems to be popular. Gays are American Citizens and deserve every right afforded
all 
citizens. If this is the land of the free lets see some action on that right now. If gay heroes are not as
good as
straight heroes, then we have some sick idea of what freedom is. Better we all move to Holland od
Denmark
where freedom really rings.

Individual Comment

 
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Wednesday, December 19, 2001 5:00 AM
Equal Access to Crisis Relief Benefits for Surviving Gay and
Lesbian Partners


December  19, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Los Angeles, CA 

 
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Wednesday, December 18, 2001 11:47 PM
Sexual preference is a personal choice!
December  18, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,
Individual Comment
Wellesley, MA

 
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