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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>Yesterday, members of Local 32BJ in New Jersey went on strike to protest their working conditions under cleaning contractors, Planned Building Services and Sunbright Services Building Services.

We are protesting to force Planned Building Services and Sunbright to obey the law, stop their abusive behavior, stop intimidating us and because we want to improve salaries and benefits, said María Díaz, a member of the Newark-based union.

The unions protest began yesterday at 7:00 p.m. in front of 111 River Street, a downtown Hoboken building cleaned by Sunbright Services Building Services.  The National Labor Relations Board is currently investigating allegations that both contractors threatened, fired and retaliated against unionized workers seeking better working conditions.

Contractors who violate the law will not be tolerated, said Michael P. Fishman, president of Local 32BJ.  These brave protestors are sending a clear message that they will fight for their right to be treated with respect and organize for a better life out of poverty.

Local 32BJ of the Service Employees International Union represents more than 70,000 building service workers  office cleaners, maintenance workers, superintendents, doormen, stadium and movie theatre cleaners throughout the tri-state area.

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              <text>New York residents will need to present state-issued identification to rent an apartment, according landlords affected by this new policy, to the New York Police Department.
 
This measure is opposed by police officers like Anthony Miranda, who said that it deceives the community and controls the lives of immigrants, even though the terrorists who attacked on September 11th were not undocumented, they had visas and could go anywhere.
 
Arguing that the Big Apple's buildings are terrorist targets, New York Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly and NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Counter-Terrorism Frank Libutti, also announced a 24-hour "anti-terrorist hot line," 1-888-NYC-SAFE, available to New York residents and landlords to report any possible terrorist activity. 

 250 landlords and real estate executives were given a 38-page handbook written by police and FBI counter-terrorist experts. The book is comprised of recommendations and preventive measures to safeguard public and private infrastructures and people's security. These include close scrutiny of renters' documents, as well as watching for tenants who pay only in cash, live with little furniture and have no telephone service. 
 
This measure is a threat against immigrants. Now undocumented people will find themselves unable to rent an apartment, for the fear of being persecuted by the police, said Miranda, president of the Latino Officers Association. 
 
The anti-terrorist measures also include the possibility of state or city legislation that would require tenants to undergo criminal background checks and to report the identities of persons living in their apartments.   
Real estate entrepreneurs solicited these measures after the FBI sent out a warning about Al-Qaeda groups targeting apartment buildings, said Kelly. Joe Strasburg, president of the Association of Rent Stabilization, with 25,000 proprietors who are also members, was in attendance at the meeting yesterday.

The proposal was also criticized by Donna Lieberman, executive director of the New York Civil Liberties Union. "The war against terror has been used by the federal government as a vehicle to expand the law enforcement of federal agencies in areas well beyond terrorism," she said.  "They have long been trying to extend the laws that govern immigrants and were unable to do so.  Now, they are using terrorism as a justification to oppress immigrants," said Miranda.  "If they want to persecute and accuse people they should not concern themselves with Hispanics and African-Americans, because we came to this country to work for a better future," concluded Miranda.</text>
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              <text>After several weeks of revelations, the growing perception of the publiccertainly of some sectors of the mediais that the Catholic church is riddled with pedophile priests. 
A New York Post editorial cartoon last Friday, for example, showed sordid-looking priests in compromising positions, being asked by children, "Anything you want to confess to me?" 
Buried in the media last week was a story that reminded the public that pedophilia is by no means a problem for the Catholic church alone. The FBI arrested 90 people nationwide in a sweep against hard-core child pornographers. 
At the same time, scant attention has been given another crucial fact, as raised by Philip Jenkins, a professor of history and religious studies at Pennsylvania State University and author of "Pedophiles and Priests: Anatomy of a Contemporary Crisis." 
Jenkins's data shows that the number of truly pedophile prieststhose with a prurient interest in very young childrenis tiny, certainly no more than in society in general, and that there are more priests whose misdemeanors involve sexual misconduct with teenagers beyond the age of puberty. 
Buried even further was any kind of rational debate on the issues raised by the scandals. 
Whether or not the Catholic hierarchy welcomes it, discussions of celibacy, ordination, and questions of whether pedophilia is sickness, sin, crime, or all three, are in the arena of public debate. 
For Tom Phelan, a novelist and former priest who lives on Long Island, the issue regarding celibacy is clear, based on his 11 years as a priest. 
"The general mental health of priests needs to be examined," said Phelan, who no longer considers himself a Catholic. 
"Studies were done in the 1970s, socio-psychological surveys for Catholic bishops, and found that 51 percent of priests were emotionally underdeveloped. Eight percent were what was termed maldeveloped. 
"I never knew a pedophile when I was in the priesthood," he continued, "but many priests often expressed extraordinarily naive sexual opinions. I was so overwhelmingly disappointed in my colleagues. I had, after all spent, six years training for ordination." 
The Rev. Paul Surlis, former professor of Social and Sexual Ethics in St. John's University's Department of Theology, takes a different view of the problems besetting the church. 
"We cannot expect bishops and cardinals to be ahead of psychoanalysts in understanding pedophilia," said Surlis, whose motivation, he said, is to give the issue some perspective. 
"Remember, if you were to have an epileptic fit in Paris in the 19th Century, you would have been sent to jail. Today we understand epilepsy to be a sickness." 
Our understanding of pedophilia must also become more sophisticated, said Surlis, while it must "not in any wayevade taking responsibility for victims, their families and communities, or avoid responsibility for mistakes made." 
"Crime and sin have predominated in people's responses. It is now time to give more public consideration to the sickness element." 
Surlis said that bishops must recognize the problem as a pathology and bring in the help of professionals. 
There is strong evidence that "the whole incidence of pedophilia is a process of discovery, not choice, among those afflicted," he continued. 
For Phelan, this does not attack the root of the problem, which he sees as the selection of candidates for ordination and the continued church insistence on celibacy, as distinct from chastity. 
"I met guys who were priests who were not just afraid of women, they were afraid of everyone," Phelan said, adding that the priesthood protected priests from interacting with the wider world, because "in seminary, this thing was heaped upon them that they are the mouthpieces of God, and no one is willing to stand up to them." 
"The aloneness of priests is the fatal flaw," Phelan said. 
Surlis agrees. "I think it would be useful if the Church considered a return to the pre-12th century discipline," he said, referring to the time before celibacy was made mandatory. 
"Celibacy only became mandated in 1123 by the First Lateran Council," said Surlis, giving a brief history of the doctrine in the Church. "By the time of the Second Vatican Council, it was noted to be a 'charism,' a grace that is given to the very, very few. Very few priests don't struggle constantly with the human desire." 
Phelan, meanwhile, is pessimistic about the church's ability to change. "The church should ask people to become priests for 10 years," he said. "It is a very energy-consuming job, and after 10 years they could decide whether to continue." But he saw little prospect for this happening, perhaps because his disillusionment with the church was enough to make him leave. 
Surlis responded: "At the very center of a religion is the capacity for self-criticism," he said. "Look at Billy Graham having to apologize for anti-Semitic remarks made in the 1970s. The church has survived for 2,000 years. It may take time." 
"It is only when you can see the church, and with sin in it, and still accept it as a sacrament for salvation, that you have faith," he said. 

&lt;i&gt;The Irish Echo, the largest Irish-American newspaper, reports news and sports from Ireland and the United States from Manhattan.&lt;/i&gt;
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              <text>Local housing, day care and school programs will be hit hard if Mayor Michael Bloomberg's budget is adopted. Bloomberg's proposal for 2003 includes huge cuts at most city agencies, leaving local organizations worried about their own funding and bracing for an even bigger workload. The cuts are designed to close a budget gap caused by the failing economy and exacerbated by the September 11th attacks. The mayor predicts the gap will be $4.8 billion, though several fiscal watchdogs claim the shortfall will be considerably lower. 

&lt;b&gt;Housing takes biggest hit&lt;/b&gt; 

Under the proposal, the Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) would take the biggest hit of all city agencies, losing 26 percent of its funding. 

West Bronx Housing, a local advocacy group that works with tenants and landlords, worries it could lose funding, since it gets about $25,000 directly from the city and an additional $40,000 from the federal government, administered through the city. "We're very vulnerable because we don't have private funding," said Sally Dunford, the agency's director. "They might decide to use the [federal] money for other uses. We're not sure if they're allowed to transfer that money. Right now, we just don't know." 

Part of the agency?s cost-cutting would include scaling back legal aid to low-income tenants. "Those programs are critical for those folks," Dunford said. "The playing field for tenants is already very uneven and this will just make it worse."Dunford noted that the waiting list for housing-related legal services in the Bronx is already two to three months long. West Bronx Housing alone received 4,500 visits last year. 

Housing activists, who dealt with heavy cuts during the Giuliani administration, were surprised by Bloomberg?s plan. "Ironically, this happened after Bloomberg spoke about housing and said that he supported more housing inspections," said John Reilly, of the Fordham Bedford Housing Corporation (FBHC), a nonprofit housing group that owns and manages about 70 buildings in the area. 

Activists are concerned that cuts in rent assistance and tenant legal aid will lead to more evictions. "In a borough with so many people living so close to the poverty line, these cuts are a recipe for homelessness," Dunford said. 

&lt;b&gt;Youth services at risk&lt;/b&gt; 

Day care seats and after-school programs are also not spared, as the budget proposal cuts 17 percent from the Administration for Children's Services (ACS) and 19 percent from the Department of Youth and Community Development (DYCD). 

FBHC is worried about a component of the budget that would eliminate expansion of day care slots. The city had agreed to provide a total of 66 new slots to two of the organization's day care programs, but neither contract was finalized. "We don?t know if we fall into what would be proposed for the next fiscal year, whether the cuts are intended for future seats or are already approved seats," Reilly said. The move would affect local working parents who rely on these subsidized programs for affordable day care. 

Working parents would also suffer from cuts to after-school programs, often used as a form of day care in addition to their educational opportunities. Due to cutbacks at DYCD, between 100 and 125 after school programs would be eliminated, estimated Michelle Yanche, staff director at the nonprofit Neighborhood Family Services Coalition. The city would save $11 million by dropping the After Three and Virtual Y after-school programs, but lose thousands of after-school seats, which were already scaled back last year due to Board of Education cuts. 

About $2.1 million in city funding would be cut from the Summer Youth Employment Program, which provides jobs to low-income teens. The move would affect about 2,000 jobs, out of a total of 50,000. "It's not statistically significant, but in terms of the cost to their families and their community, that's very significant," Yanche said. The budget cuts come at a time when Governor Pataki is proposing a $10 million cut in state funding for the same program for 2003. 

&lt;b&gt;No stone unturned&lt;/b&gt; 

Other cuts in the Bloomberg budget include: sanitation by 13 percent; aging by 16 percent; libraries by 15 percent; and homeless services by 19 percent. Police and schools suffered smaller cuts of seven percent each. 

But education activists say the seven percent is too much, considering the huge cuts last year after a decrease in state funding and cost overruns by the Board of Education. Last year?s budget problems forced the Board of Education to slash construction and repair projects as well as after-school programs. 

"I'm particularly concerned about education because we already don?t have enough money for our schools," said City Councilmen Oliver Koppell (D-Bronx). "It will be a disaster for our children." 

Ronn Jordan, a local education activist, wants the city to find alternatives. "I don't think it's an appropriate cut," he said. "Education is always the sacrificial lamb when we start talking about budget." 

Jordan thinks the city should look to the federal government for school construction funds, or find other ways to bring money to schools, such as bringing back the commuter tax. "If you really believe that education is important, then you have to start creating things." 

&lt;b&gt;Future uncertain&lt;/b&gt; 

For now, non-profit groups and city agencies are waiting for the City Council to review the budget and for a final breakdown of which programs will be affected. 

Local leaders suspect the poor will feel the burden of the cuts more than any other group. "There will be more hungry people and more people that can't pay the rent," said Larry Gadson, an organizer with the advocacy group People Are Not Satisfied. In turn, services at soup kitchens, homeless shelters, housing groups and other assistance centers will be in even greater demand, Gadson said. 

All the groups expressed some optimism that the city council would restore some of the cuts. Koppell said the picture is not as grim as it seems. "The mayor is more pessimistic than warranted," he said. "I think he's being very conservative in his spending plan. Also, he is not focusing on efficiently getting more money from federal and state sources." 

The City Council, which must approve the final plan and come to an agreement with the mayor by June, began holding budget hearings this week. 
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              <text>Humayun Azad, controversial author, famous feminist, and professor of Bengali at Dakha University, came to New York to open the 11th Bangladeshi Book Fair on April 21. This was his first visit to the United States, and he was disappointed. I already miss the America of my imagination, he said. </text>
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              <text>Humayun Azad, controversial author, famous feminist, and professor of Bengali at Dakha University, came to New York to open the 11th Bangladeshi Book Fair on April 21. 

This book fair will help bring Bangladeshi culture to American society, Azad said. 

In the Bangla Patrika office, Azad made many off-the-record comments, but most things he stated freely and frankly without any hesitation. This was his first visit to the United States, and he was disappointed. I already miss the America of my imagination, he said. I miss the America of free thinking and unfettered independence, something I did not see in the behavior of people on the street. 

Born in a Muslim family, I have the right to criticize Islam and Bangladesh, he said. And criticize he did, as well as inform American Bangladeshis of what is happening back home.  

Bangladeshi workers who once lived in Saudi Arabia or Qatar and now live in the United States say that they were shackled in the Middle East. Coming to America, they are now free. Its a sort of like getting to heaven, in comparison to the Middle East, Azad said.

People who came from Saudi Arabia and Qatar to this country say that they had no rights in the Middle East. They were not able to go anywhere. They used to spend their lives in confinement, as if they were modern slaves.  Coming to this country, they find that here the vehicles stop once you step off the corner to cross the street. People respect each other.

It is the style of Islamic practice in Saudi Arabia that creates discrimination among the people. Every man is being becoming devoid of humanity, he added.


He expressed resentment that many of us cannot accept the society of open thinking in America. But pointing to a link between capitalism and democracy, he said that there was no democracy in any of the Muslim countries. He remarked that the Muslim societies have lost their national identities and cultures amidst poverty and illiteracy. He said the Muslim countries do not practice democracy themselves. 

We think that the America has a responsibility to establish democracy from country to country. But America has got its own interests. When we don't behave justly in our own country, America has no responsibility to bring democracy by intervening in our countries, he added. 
 
He said that in the Muslim world, Bangladesh is the most modern and democratic country, though expansion of fundamentalism persists. 

There was extremism in the politics of Bangladesh, there was corruption too. American politics is also corrupt. But in Bangladesh, even the beggars are corruption-ridden. And in Bangladesh, people are working against people in many ways. And they use religion, as their tool.

In Bangladesh corruption has been blended with religious blindness. The people of Bangladesh are busy with domestic religious blindness, political blindness, those returning from the United States are religiously blind; bearded or veiled doctorates in physics return from America, use prayer mats, give money to relatives to perform hajj and build mosques in and around the country, he said. Their experiences here are making them appear more religious, and its bad for Bangladeshi society, he said. 

Many scholars obtain PhD degrees in this country, and return home with whole-face beards or scarves on their heads. They are influencing the society in Bangladesh very deeply, by returning to Bangladesh showing such outward displays of Islamic devotion even after spending many years in a country as developed as America. This is creating a negative impact in Bangladesh society, he said.  

Common people in Bangladesh are heard saying, They return from the America after obtaining PhDs, but the men maintain beards and the women wear veils. They practice religion. So there cannot be anything bad about religion.

Moreover, Hindu priests, Muslim clerics, Christian leaders and Jewish rabbis, under the guise of religion, are working with the objectives of creating divisions among themselves. They should have unity among them, he said, but that does not exist. 

Azad called both Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia and opposition leader Sheikh Hasina frauds. 

He pointed out that President George W. Bush uses religion, too, citing the prominence of religion in Bushs inauguration. It is not an act of any open-minded person to be inaugurated through religious function. It is harmful that President Bush indulges the religious leaders.

He had always been in favor of the U.S. campaign in Afghanistan. He said that the Talibans in Afghanistan had been destroyed, and this destruction has helped quell the insurgence of Talibans in Bangladesh. Fundamentalist terrorism has been subdued to a great extent. That is good for us, he said. Once, the fundamentalists in Bangladesh used to chant slogans in favor of Afghanistan. But ultimately the slogans have been calmed down. In Bangladesh the practice of fundamentalism has gone too far and even all the reading materials in the class contains the name of Allah and Prophet, he said. 

Humayun Azad said that poor women in Bangladesh are being tortured and raped. They are almost like prisoners. But the middle-class and upper-class women are gradually moving towards freedom. 

Humayun Azad, 55, lives in Dhaka with his wife Latifa Kohinoor, daughters Mouli and Smriti and son Anannya. </text>
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              <text>Bangladeshis in New York rallied for peace on Aug. 18 after the murder of renowned Bangladeshi photojournalist Mijanur Rahman, who was killed by mob on Aug. 11 in Brooklyn. The sentiment was, Mijan we have not forgotten youwe will never forget you. </text>
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              <text>Bangladeshis in New York rallied for peace on Aug. 18 after the murder of renowned Bangladeshi photojournalist Mijanur Rahman.  He was killed by a group of Hispanic men on Aug. 11 in Brooklyn.

Many Bangladeshis and members of other community organizations attended the Sunday peace rally.  The sentiment was, Mijan we have not forgotten youwe will never forget you. 

The rally was held at the corner of Eldert Lane, and Liberty and Glenmore Avenues, on the city line between Ozone Park, Queens and East New York, Brooklyn. It was sponsored by Bangladeshis from all five boroughs of New York City. Attendees demanded that the killers be brought to justice. The police have reportedly arrested two Hispanic people and are questioning them about Mijanurs death. 

People from all over the city gathered at the spot where Mijanur was killed. They marched from Liberty to Forbell Avenues and wore posters around their necks that read: We demand the trial of Mijanurs killers. Killers, whomever you are, you must be brought to justice. The demonstrators mourned his death and shared their condolences. 

Many Bangladeshi organizations participated in the rally, including the Jalalabad Association, Bangladeshi Society and the Bangladeshi Institute of Performing Arts.  Councilman Erik Martin Dilan attended the rally on behalf of the city, as did 75th Precinct Commanding Officer James Secreto, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Dr. Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury, Deputy Permanent Representative Munshi Faiz Ahmed, visiting Chairman of the Bangladesh Privatization Board Dr. Enam Ahmed Chowdhury and President of the local Beanibazar Samity Burhan Uddin Kapil, who spoke at the rally. The speakers all expressed their sympathy for the communitys loss and demanded the killers be tried.

At the rally, Councilman Dilan announced that he would lobby the city council to change Forbel Street to Mijanur Street. He said that the administration was trying hard to find Mijanurs murders.  

Secreto said that the two people arrested and others who were involved in the killing would be brought to trial. He said that the administration was doing its best to provide security to the Bangladeshi community. He also told members of the Hispanic community that if they had any problems they should discuss the matter with the police. 

Sheikh Abdul Malek, a Bangladeshi community leader said, In America, we are not identified as Bangladeshi or Hispanicwe are all people of God and we live here together as Americans. He also demanded the killers be tried. </text>
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              <text>President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo today lashed at critics anew, saying her choice of former New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani as a consultant on fighting crime will rank the country among the world class.

Those are anti-Americans, Ms. Macapagal said of critics, who contend that hiring Giuliani indicates the Americanization of the Macapagal administration. 
As far as I am concerned, I will look for technology that will place the Filipinos in the world class in everything, including fighting crimes, she said in an ambush interview. 

Ms. Macapagal received a round of criticism over her plans to get Giulianis expertise in combating criminality, a serious problem driving away investors from the Philippines. 

I cannot be distracted by noises like this, she said, adding, Eighty-four percent of the people support my presidency.

She stressed, however, that she still has to talk with Giuliani, who attained world fame for his focused leadership following the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center last year.  

We havent even talked about [a budget]. We havent seen how much he charges others. The thing is, we do have a budget for crime fighting. We do have a contingency fund, Macapagal said. 

Meantime, many Filipino-Americans who were asked by the Filipino-Asian Bulletin to comment on the hiring of Giulianis hiring as a consultant expressed the belief that it would be a waste of money. 

Hiring Giuliani is too expensive. It is better for the government to spend this money in modernizing police equipment, said Jovy Caldejon of Jersey City, N. J. 
Giuliani might be good for New York City, but he will be like a fish out of water in the Philippines. He will just be a disappointment and an embarrassment, remarked Rene Marco, a computer analyst.

We will be wasting our hard-earned dollars if we hire Giuliani as a consultant on crimes. There are a lot of bright boys in Manila who can do the job and they can be paid in pesos, said Jose Grecia, of Edison, N. J.  
According to reports, Giuliani charges at least $75,000 (P 3.5 million) as a speaker for conventions or meetings. 
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              <text>     Recently, Mr. Han, a 30-year-old resident of Woodside, Queens, was awakened by a loud telephone ring early in the morning. It was a call from his wife in Korea. I am hearing news that the United States may limit its tourist visa to only 30 days. What can we do now? Hearing the his wifes complaint, Mr. Han could do nothing but sigh.  
According to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), more than 800 spouses of U.S. permanent residents apply for family immigration visas each year in Korea. It is no secret that many more married couples simply quit applying for immigration visas because of difficult hurdles that they must jump. 
     In Korea, spouses of U.S. permanent residents routinely wait for immigration visas for five years or more. Whats more, after applying for immigration visas, many dont even get tourist visas to visit briefly with their spouses in the United States temporarily the waiting period. According to U.S. immigration laws, every foreign national must convince that he or she has no intention of permanently staying in the United States before applying for non-immigration visas. The U.S. embassy in Korea strictly followed immigration laws and internally decided that spouses of U.S. permanent residents may very well end up staying in the United States. 
     Because of difficulties reuniting with their U.S.-based family members, many Korean spouses do not even apply for immigration visas. Instead, they come to the United States on tourist visas, which may be changed to longer-term student visas once in the country. Then, many spouses simply wait for their husbands or wives to become naturalized U.S. citizens. When the U.S. government announced it was considering limiting visa stays and prohibiting status changes within the country, those Korean spouses became very unsettled. 
     Mr. Han is in exactly this situation. His wife is trying to enter the United States on a tourist, not on an immigration visa. Her tourist visa was already rejected once last year. She applied again this year, but Mr. Han added that his wife might be rejected again.
Mr. Han says he has no options. He cannot unite with his wife now. He also does not want to wait five more years to become naturalized. Mr. Han does not understand why students or spouses of those with work permits can come to the United States, but spouses of permanent residents, like himself, cannot.
     Last year, the government instituted so-called V visas, which permit entry to those spouses of permanent residents who have been waiting for three or more years. But the three year clause excludes many, including recently married couples. It is also a temporary program, in effect only until 2003.
     Mrs. Yun, a 29-year-old resident of Fort Lee, N. J., initially expected she would see her husband soon. They thought he would be able to come on a V visa. But they soon found out that they were one month short of the visas 3-year-clause.
     Mrs. Yun was disappointed. I think the V visas three year clause and its temporary nature dissastisfied many people. She added that her husband is now trying to apply for a work visa. This time, I hope he will be successful.
      To rectify the problem, Rep. Lane Evans (D-Ill.) has introduced an amendment (HR 1345) to establish a visa appeals committee within the State Department to monitor visa-related activities of U.S. embassies or consulates. Last year, Evans called for complete reconsideration of U.S. embassys visa policy. Even separated families of North and South Korea are now getting together, she said. The separated families in South Korea and the United States should be reunited. However, her amendment is not even under review because of the recent backlash against immigrants and immigration policies. 

&lt;i&gt;The Korea Central Daily News is the U.S. edition of JoonAng Ilbo.&lt;/i&gt;
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              <text>It didnt take long for two of the most prominent civil and human rights activists to respond to last weeks decision by a federal appeals court to overturn the conviction of police officers in the Abner Louima case.

On Sunday, the Rev. Herbert Daughtry, pastor of the House of the Lord Church, led a group of protesters from his church to the federal courthouse where the officers were originally tried and convicted, vowing to keep the pressure on until there is justice.

"Fighting against this criminal justice system is pretty close to being hopeless," Daughtry told the press. "But at the same time, we will continue to fight against the system and, in particular, this decision. We will not quit, we will not give up, we will not falter, we will not fail," Daughtry insisted.

Meanwhile, on Monday, the Rev. Al Sharpton, with a number of notables, met with Police Commissioner Ray Kelly. Sharpton expressed his outrage at the decision and voiced his position on the possible reinstatement of Thomas Bruder and Thomas Wiese, who were acquitted of obstruction of justice charges. "It is no question to anybody that they lied," Sharpton said of the two officers, "and that should be the basis for them never to be police officers again."

When asked what he wanted to be done, Sharpton said, "I want the guilty to pay."

"Abner wanted to go on with his life, putting all this behind him," said attorney Sandford Rubenstein, Louisma?s counsel. "Now, he will have to testify again, which he will do."

Louima?s brother, Jonas, said that if the police officers are reinstated, "we will never be able to begin the healing from this tragedy."

Mayor Michael Bloomberg said the issue was matter of law. "There is a procedure that calls for fact-finding and a hearing," he said. The mayor was reluctant to add any further comment.

Kelly was equally reticent, but did say, through a press release, that he could not offer an opinion one way or the other, because "I may have to make a decision on the issue later." The commissioner has the last word on the reinstatement, after reviews are completed by the police boards.

"This could have happened to me or any one of us," said Ed Lewis, publisher of Essence magazine, who has been very outspoken about the appeals court reversal. "I grew up in the Bronx, so I know what?s going on."

Sharpton told the press that his next action would be on Capitol Hill, where he will continue to complain about this "miscarriage of justice." </text>
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              <text>A friend of the editors of Pakistan Post received a letter from Zubair Hanafi, which has been forwarded to me and I am including in this column.  The letter bears an Aug. 15 postmark, meaning the letter has taken almost two months to get to me. Let us hope that Zubair is safe, either released in the United States or deported to Pakistan.</text>
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              <text>A friend of the editors of Pakistan Post received a letter from Zubair Hanafi, which has been forwarded to me and I am including in this column. Zubairs address is the Brooklyn Detention Center. His prisoner number is 67898053. The letter bears an Aug. 15 postmark, meaning the letter has taken almost two months to get to me. Let us hope that Zubair is safe, either released in the United States or deported to Pakistan.

Zubair writes to Afaq, a man he doesnt know:

&lt;i&gt;Dear Sir, I know you are well connected in the community and have contacts  with the media. Perhaps you will be able to get me help. I am from the Memon community of Karachi and living legally in the US. I have a green card. At 7:00am on 29th May the authorities raided my apartment. They did not produce a warrant. They arrested my brother Sajjad Ahmed, my roommate Ali Reza, and myself. As they were leaving with us, my neighbour Salahuddin Qureshi, unfortunately opened his apartment door in response to the activity in the corridor and they arrested him as well. Two of the men have been already deported, I am still in detention. I can be freed on bail. I have made phone calls to people I know but nobody is stepping forward to help me. Please tell my story in the media and to the many organizations and please write to me to let me know if you can help.&lt;/i&gt;

I have written back to him but have not received a phone call.

I find myself upset with our community leaders, who have their photographs taken with the Pakistani ambassabor and visiting politicians from Pakistan but make no moves to help those who are in suffering terrible ordeals.

I also possess the legal papers of another case involving a Pakistani-American. Ahsan ul Haq is in danger of having his American citizenship revoked. Due to his arrest after September 11th, his files have been opened and combed for misstatements he made in his application for naturalization. There are millions of cases of naturalized citizens who, knowingly or unknowingly, made false statements in their application of citizenship. Since September 11th, it is Pakistani-Americans and other Muslim-Americans who are targeted.

In the case of Ahsan ul Haq, he made his way to California from Pakistan without a visa in 1984. He then applied for political asylum and was denied in November 1985. His appeal was rejected in 1988. He received a letter demanding that he surrender himself to the authorities. He did not and applied for legal status under the agricultural workers program. It was accepted. He received his green card and applied for citizenship in 1997, and received it in 2000. His wife and children are also American citizens. His arduous but not untypical journey to American citizenship seemed to have ended. He had a successful construction business and things looked good.

After September 11th, he was arrested for false statements he made in his application for naturalization. He had not revealed that he had been rejected for legal status previously. Ahsan is now out on bail but very worried.

Ahsans case shows that even Pakistanis who are naturalized Americans cannot be secure. Their American citizenship can always be investigated and revoked given the current political circumstances. These circumstances are not affecting any other community besides Pakistanis and other Muslims.

I am not arguing that Pakistanis and Muslims should be allowed to get away with breaking the law, just that the law be applied equally. Racial profiling is also against the law.

There are any number of people of Mexican and Latin American origin, and from India and Southern Europe who are not targeted, whose naturalization files are not reopened. This is unfair, particularly when not one Pakistani has been charged with terrorism.

I still hear of raids and arrests in the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Houston, California and Florida. Our Pakistani community leaders are not organizing, and6 people are too afraid to speak up. There is still no credible forum in the community, where we can address the difficulties that Pakistanis face now and will face in the future. This is a time that tests our inner strength and conscience.
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The relationship between the media and the U.S. government appears closer than ever. The media has become a place where the administration tests public reaction to a future policy, or where administration policies are "explained." And ties between the administration and the media are not simply closeboth act toward a common goal. 
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              <text>The relationship between media executives and the U.S. government has never appeared closer. More and more we are seeing the media propagating administration policies. It is so much the case that the media functions as either a "testing ground" for policymakingin other words, the media is where the administration tests public reaction to a future policyor a space where administration policies are "explained."

Roger Ailes, chairman and CEO of Fox News, went even further in cozying up to the administration by advising President Bush on the importance of harmonizing with public opinion. After September 11th,  he wrote a letter to President Bush arguing that the president must wed public opinion to his policies. This incident has been written about in a book about post-September 11th administration policies called Bush at War.

Ties between the administration and the media are not simply closethey act toward a common goal. When Clinton was president, he counted among his closest friends Richard Kaplan, president of CNN/USA. Kaplan used to spend a day in the White House, every week, with Clinton. Is it too much to say that Clinton regularly briefed a senior executive of a major news outlet?

An example of the common goals between the media and the administration is the  build up and demonizing of Saddam Hussein of Iraq, and Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan. It is common knowledge that Saddam has committed terrible wrongs against the Iraqi people and neighboring countries. But the media does not point out that most of these crimes were committed while Saddam was an ally of the United States until 1988.

Today Saddam is presented by the media as a villain who possesses chemical and biological weapons. This is because today it suits the  administration to make war on him.

In the case of Pervez Musharraf it is the opposite. Prior to September 11th, both the Clinton and Bush administrations were unhappy with the coup in Pakistan. In his trip to South Asia in March 2001, Clinton spent five days in India and five hours in Islamabad, during which he refused to have a photograph taken of his handshake with Musharraf. In those days, Musharraf was presented in the media as a military dictator presiding over a failed state. 

Post-September 11th, with Musharraf having sided with the United States, the man is now an ally of this country, with the New York Times repeatedly referring to him as "a benign dictator."

Musharraf, who has introduced a democracy in Pakistan which is no threat to his presidency, and which has restored the same corrupt politicians from previous regimes, is presented by all media outlets as a "progressive" and a "moderate" Muslim.
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              <text>The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and other federal and state law enforcement agencies began a second round of crackdowns on undocumented Pakistani immigrants for whom deportation orders have been issued. 
Two of the Pakistani immigrants who were rounded up include Mr. Anwar, who owns a Queens junkyard, and Mr. Saeed, a Brooklyn resident who used to sell hosiery goods in Manhattan. Law enforcement agencies picked them up from their apartments at midnight. INS agents raided three different places to detain Mr. Saeed before finding him in an apartment on East 10th Street, in Brooklyn. It is interesting to note that the INS ignored another Pakistani family overstaying their visas in the second apartment they searched. This shows a major change in the INS policy; now, rather than detaining every suspect, they are only after the people for whom deportation orders have been issued. 
During the last 20 years, the United States issued deportation orders against more than 300,000 people. Most people in this category have not yet left the United States. Law enforcement agencies have been given the task to ensure the implementation of said deportation orders.
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              <text>The sale of counterfeit social security cards and drivers licenses is big business for illegal brokers who prey on the fears of undocumented immigrants. Even crackdowns from the INS have not deterred these companies from selling fake IDs. These illegal brokers represent the underside of the Korean community and must be eradicated. </text>
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              <text>In the aftermath of September 11th, the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), in increased cooperation with the Social Security Administration (SSA), severely stiffened penalties for social security fraud and abuse. Since then, a growing number of innocentor foolishKoreans have been deceived by false social security brokers in New York. Koreans should beware! 

Illegal brokers are openly selling counterfeit Korean emigration passports and New York State drivers licenses on the streets. Authorities report over 100 incidents of lost or stolen passports or drivers licenses each month. To date, almost 1,200 cases have been reported this year.

Undocumented Korean immigrants have paid the H Tour Company in Flushing between $1,000-$3,000 apiece for a counterfeit or altered stolen document. Illegal brokers earn large amounts of money by selling false social security cards and drivers licenses to the Korean community in New York.

The Office of Homeland Securitys (OHS) task force in New York State has stepped up their interest in false social security cards. Arrests for the sale or purchase of false social security cards have increased; almost 300 arrests were made in the Queens area up to September.

Despite the high number of arrests, the H Tour Company, located on the second floor of Flushings Union Mall, which recently came under investigation, has not stopped selling false cards to undocumented Korean immigrants. In November 2001, a Mr. L came to America from Korea, with another family member, with tourist visas. He innocently purchased what he believed to be two valid social security cards for a total of $3,000. After one year, Mr. L attempted to open a bank account with a Korean bank in Flushing, to deposit the savings he had accrued through working here, but was informed by the bank that his social security card was invalid. He was shocked.

Mr. L went to the H Tour Company to protest their sale of illegal cards. The company responded by telling him that they had been issuing false cards for 10 years without any difficulties, and that he should not create any problems for them. Mr. L has been put into an embarrassing and difficult situation. The familys visas have expired, and they are unable to bring charges against the tour company for fear of government reprisal and ouster. They cannot take any steps to solve their situation. 

In a related case a few days ago, a Roosevelt Avenue driving school was shut down following a raid by the OHSs task force. Such illegal brokers prey on the anxieties and fears of undocumented immigrants seeking American identification documents. They represent the underside of the Korean community and must be eradicated! 
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              <text>A recently released study by the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund says that Asian American voters were discriminated against during the 2001 mayoral and city council elections. The report ennumarates that the problems, including barriers to language assistance, that prevented many Asian Americans from voting.</text>
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              <text>A recently released report by the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF) on the New York City mayoral and City Council elections of 2001, says that there were several instances where Asian American voters faced hostile election workers and discrimination. 

According to the report, AALDEF monitored 35 polling sites during the rescheduled primary, runoff and general election of 2001 and found that problems encountered earlier remained. These included numerous omissions of Asian voters names from the list of registered voters and Chinese characters printed so small that they were unreadable. 

The report said new problems that surfaced included poll workers seeking identification of Asian voters, poll workers who obstructed language assistance, confusion over polling site locations and police interference in election administration. 

Additionally, the report said, Korean-American voters also encountered barriers to language assistance and unequal treatment. These problems resulted in numerous Asian American voters losing their right to vote. 

The 35 polling sites inspected by the AALDEF team were in the Manhattan Chinatown, in QueensFlushing, Elmhurst, Floral Park and Richmond Hill,  (Queens), and in BrooklynSunset Park and Homecrest. 

Here are some of the findings and observations of the team, as listed in the report. Numerous Asian voters names were missing from the list of registered voters, resulting in voters being turned away when affidavit ballots were not offered. 

Second, poll workers obstructed the right to vote by exhibiting hostility toward Asian voters, requiring identifications, or being unfamiliar with election procedures. 

Third, Chinese-language assistance was thwarted due to problems with Chinese-interpreter training, poll workers who interfered or would not allow interpreters to assist voters, poll workers who disregarded translated materials, and Chinese characters on ballots being too small to read. 

Fourth, Korean-American voters in Flushing experienced a host of discriminatory barriers, including a shortage of Korean interpreters, poll worker obstruction of language assistance, and unequal treatment by poll workers. 

Fifth, there were other problems such as confusion over polling sites in Chinatown, broken voting machines and undue police involvement in election administration. 

The AALDEF report observed that these problems resulted in denying Asian Americans their right to vote. Glenn D. Magpantay, a staff attorney with AALDEF, told Desi-Talk that there were many instances of discrimination against South-Asian and Indian-American voters. 

While the problems with Chinese and Korean voters were related to language, South Asian voters complained that they were being treated differently, like they were asked to produce identification papers when they are not required to do so by law. The problems faced by the Asian-American voters, including Indians, Chinese and Koreans were because they were foreign-born and are immigrants, he said. 

The report listed some instances of discrimination against South-Asian voters. At Newtown High School in Elmhurst, a voter complained that a certain poll inspector at ED37/AD34 was not only hostile, but also would not give affidavit ballots to Asian voters who were not listed in the book. Similarly, At P.S. 20 in Flushing, 43 voters described poll workers as hostile. We also observed that the attitude of poll inspectors toward Asian and white voters differed. 

Poll inspectors were less polite and occasionally curt toward Asian voters and were cheerful and accommodating toward white voters, the report said. At a polling site in Richmond Hill, where voters were mostly Indians and Indo-Caribbeans, poll inspectors made improper demands for identification of Asian voters, the report said. Indian-American voters in Floral Park also faced a similar problem. In all, during the general election, nearly 350 Asian voters reported that identification was required of them. 

At J.H.S. 189 in Flushing, a voter reported that the poll inspectors ignored him, even though he was standing in front of them, and that one elderly woman poll inspector was sleeping. Similarly, At P.S. 55 in Richmond Hill at ED 49/AD32, a South Asian voter complained that the inspector told him to pull the vote-casting lever too early, so he lost some of his votes. Likewise, At St. Pauls Church in Richmond Hill, voters commented that poll workers dont know their job(s) and exhibited poor behavior. One voter complained that poll workers talked about him while he was completing a paper ballot. 

According to the report, at P.S. 55 in Richmond Hill, a police officer threatened to arrest a frustrated South Asian voter who had been erroneously shuttled among several different polling sites to vote. 

The report made recommendations as well as complained to the Board of Elections of the City of New York regarding some of the instances of discrimination.  On the basis of our complaints, the services of six poll inspectors were terminated and another 20 of them were issued letters of reprimand, said Magpantay. 

Apart from demanding that hostile or discriminatory poll workers be reprimanded and removed from their posts, the AALDEF report concluded that poll inspectors need better training in affidavit ballot procedures, voters rights to language assistance, and the boards own language assistance program. 

Among the other recommendations of the AALDEF report are: 
 Enlarging Chinese characters on the ballot by using a large Chinese-language font size. The board explore ways to remedy the problem that Asian voters names are missing from the list of registered voters. 
The board provide Korean interpreters and translated ballots, voter registration forms and voting machine instruction signs. 
 The board must better inform the public, particularly non-English-speaking voters, about polling site changes. 
 The board must inform the New York Police Department supervisors about the proper role of police officers on election day. 

With reference to the voting rights of Asian Americans, AALDEF, in a separate press statement, said that the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate have passed election reform bills, which are now before a House/Senate Conference Committee, whose members will reconcile the differences and produce a final bill. 

With regard to the provisions of the bill, the AALDEF has opposed the requirement for first-time voters to provide identification. 

This provision will have a chilling effect on eligible voters who are newly naturalized, young, minority, and limited English-proficient. The ID check could also lead to discriminatory enforcement and violate the privacy of voters. A signature or attestation is already used in many localities to deter fraud. The ID check will just create another barrier to registering to vote, the AALDEF statement said. The AALDEF has also called for supporting expanded access to the vote for limited-English proficient voters. 

It has also supported those provisions in the bill that will improve the administration of elections, and has sought provision of matching funds for states to buy new voting machines as well as setting minimum standards to prevent under-voting or over-voting on machines. 

&lt;i&gt;Are you registered to vote?&lt;/i&gt;
This years primary elections will be held on Tuesday, Sept. 10. The general election will be held on Tuesday, Nov. 5. To vote in primary and general elections, you must register by Aug. 16. To vote in this years general election only, you must register by Oct. 11. In New York City, call toll-free 1-800-VOTE-NYC. Or visit the &lt;a href=http://vote.ny.us Board of Elections website.&lt;/a&gt;Outside the City of New York, call your county election office or log on to &lt;a href=www.elections.state.ny.us&gt; www.elections.state.ny.us&lt;/a&gt;. There is no need to register again, if you are registered already.</text>
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              <text>The Bush Administrations proposal to authorize local and state police to report immigration violations to Immigration and Nationalization Services (INS) faces opposition by immigrant rights groups.

If it is approved by the Department of Justice, the proposal will put racial profiling into effect and is expected to aggravate relations between immigrants and police.  The new laws will revisit the historic distrust between the immigrant community and the INS, said Raúl Izaguirre, president of the National Council of La Raza.  The bill will debilitate the civil rights of millions of immigrants and cut short the work that we have done over years to improve this situation, Izaguirre added.  He went on to say that legal immigrants and U.S. citizens will also be affected if they share similar ethnic characteristics as with those who are being persecuted by the complying INS agencies.

Under the existing laws, INS agents conduct routine checks of prisoners legal status; however the state and local police cannot arrest or detain people based on suspected immigration violations.  If the new laws passed, police officers will be obligated to investigate the legal status of both detainees and crime victims.

We have worked for twenty years in the community to convince people not be afraid to report cases of domestic violence or abuse.  Our work will be nullified in little time, and we, as police officers, will have to perform the duties of the INS, criticized Anthony Miranda, president of the Latino Officers Association.  Miranda has helped to start campaigns to encourage immigrants to report crimes, without worrying that their status will endanger them.  Our job is to help people, said Miranda.  

The co-director of the Jersey City Police Department, Edgar Martínez, said that his agency had not been notified by the federal government of the approval of the new legislation.  Before we do anything, we must receive orders from the District Attorney of New Jersey, David Samson, said Martínez.  If the police stop someone on the street without proper immigration papers, the department will notify the INS and they will advise us on what to do with the detainees. He added that upon receiving orders from the federal government to conduct investigations on the legal status of detained immigrants, we will have to do it.

A recent poll of Latinos granted citizenship since 1995 revealed that 77 percent object to the police enforcing immigration laws.  We all want to feel safe and for our country to be safe, but we also believe that the priorities of law enforcement officials should be to detain the real terrorist suspects, and these laws will only work against that goal, said Izaguirre.</text>
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              <text>Korean-American Association of Flushing is leading a street cleaning campaign. On Nov. 13th, at 7 a.m. the Korean-American Association of Flushing started cleaning the area from Union Street at Northern Blvd. to Roosevelt Ave. They decided to clean the area on a regular basis, with help from Korean churches.

To do this, the Association has hired a Korean and a Mexican cleaning crew. They will clean the areas of the Flushing Municipal Parking area covering most of Union Street from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., Monday through Friday.

Chang-hun Kim, chairman of the Korean-American Association of Flushing, said, Cleaning streets in the morning makes me feel refreshed and really good, especially on Union Street, where Korean shops are concentrated. I find it worthwhile to clean that area. He also added, I hope that with this campaign, Korean people will feel proud of themselves for serving the community, and other ethnic people will feel good about Korean businesses and Korean people. 

On this day of the street cleaning campaign, in addition to the Korean American Association of Flushing, The Council of Korean Churches of New York, Siloam Presbyterian Church, Young Nak Presbyterian Church, New Millennium United Methodist Church, The Church of Light and Salt participated in the campaign. Also, John Liu, city councilman, Suk-joo Kim of the Korean-American Association of NY, and Seung-yol Lee, chairman of the Korean-American Senior Citizen Association of NY, were among the 30 participants.

The organizations were provided with $300 from the Kumgang San Restaurant in Flushing, to pay for the cleaning equipment and facilities from New York City Sanitation Department (NYSD), bread and drinks from Canaan Bakery and lunch from Sanhaeginmi Food.

These businesses and the NYSD will continue to support the Korean-American Association of Flushing in the upcoming cleaning of this area. Voluntary members from Korean churches will engage in the cleaning campaign.
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              <text>The destruction of Afghanistan, a result of the American military campaign, has been a boon from smugglers and their networks. According to the United Kingdom-based Daily Telegraph, six million Afghans are living under famine conditions. According to Oxfam, 17 percent of children under the age of five are starving. Many families are selling daughters at puberty to feed themselves.

Rahim Dad, in the Siasang region, sold his 12-year-old son for $60. He received $40 right away. He has already married one of his daughters before she attained puberty. He is looking to sell his other two daughters. The man was devastated.

According to the Red Cross Feb. 8th report, many families are selling their daughters in the western part of Afghanistan, including Herat and Farah, which has suffered terribly from bombardments. The price? 100 kilogram of wheat.  There are also reports of children subsisting eating leaves.

Project for South Asia reports that women from Asia, Europe and Africa are being smuggled into the United States by international mafias.</text>
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              <text>Statistics show that the Mexican community is the third largest immigrant community in New York City.
 
Janet Ortega, 29, belongs to a new group of Mexicans who chose the Big Apple as their new destination. She works in a restaurant on Second Avenue and 110th Street. She decided to come to the United States, "because here there is work and in Mexico there isn't."
 
In the establishment, the faint lights mixed with music from Los Bukis, the smell of food and the residue of liquor filled the air, the clock marked 11 in the morning and Janet was already working. "I will have a double shift and I will continue until four in the morning, said the mother of five children whose salary for 15 hours will be $140. "Life here is very difficult here for Mexicans, she admitted.
	
Mainly concentrated in the western part of the country, in the last 10 years, a large number of young people like Ortega, mainly from the Mixteca region, have veered their way toward New York and North Carolina.
According to Consul Norberto Terrazas, head of legal aid for Mexican nationals at the Mexican Consulate in New York, the number of Mexicans is about 500,000 and 600,00 in the metropolitan area (including the five boroughs, New Jersey and Connecticut) and goes up approximately 10 percent a year. The Census, which could not count thousands of immigrants, registered 186,876.
 
As the third largest community group in New York, this communitys situation is not one of the best, and, like any first generation of immigrants, their case is dramatic. They face health problems, housing and education, without escaping problems with the law (there are 367 in New York Citys prisons).
 
Many are objects of discrimination, while their political participation is low. But our compatriots have a real good reputation and they are hard workers, said Terrazas.
 
The biggest problem is their average income is between $13,000-$15,000 a year, the lowest in the city.
 
In the consulate, we get visits from about 400 persons a day with various needs. The principal one being after immigrating, is the need for legal advice, said Terrazas.
 
For Mexicans, who traditionally had a high rate of temporary stays, the situation has changed in the last decade, explained Robert Smith, a professor at Barnard College. Because of the rise of restrictions in crossing the border, their stay is permanent, because if before they came and left, now they can't.
 
Nevertheless, they are not alone.  The consulate and community organizations offer education, to prevent their migratory vulnerability to continue being objects of abuse, explained Terrazas. Many think because they are undocumented they have no rights, but they are protected by the constitution in case of arrests, searches and other penal problems.
 
With an age range of 15 to 40-years-old, and because of separation from their families, many Mexican immigrants are prey to gangs and crimes that lead to prison. They are also objects of discrimination for Anglo and African Americans, whom, "for being larger think we are afraid of them," said Ortega. One more thing: because a high percentage of Mexican immigrants do not speak English, their assimilation into society is slower. 
 
But Mexicans are ready to face the difficulties, said waiter Celestino Sarmiento. We work hard to help our families progress and show that Latinos will get to the top, said the 23-year-old.
 
Our community needs to organize and demand respect because we contribute to the economy, said Gerry Dominguez, director of an organization in El Barrio, which offers English classes and assistance finding jobs and help with immigration cases. Our fight is strong to help the poorthe majority being undocumented people who cannot get public assistance as other groups do."
 
The Tepeyac Association, which yesterday concluded a journey of 45 days with the Guadalupan torch, are also trying to legalize the almost eight million undocumented immigrants, 50 percent of which are Mexican. " We want more support and compassion for immigrants, defending their human rights  and from the abuses of labor," said Tepeyac Director Joel Magallan.
 
Although there are 367 Mexicans in prison, immigration violations are not very high, and most are sentenced for drugs, homicides, robbery and fraud.
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              <elementText elementTextId="21302">
                <text>approved</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="53">
            <name>Consent</name>
            <description>Whether September 11 Digital Archive has permission to possess this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21303">
                <text>unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="54">
            <name>Posting</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor gave permission to post this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21304">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="55">
            <name>Copyright</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor holds copyright to this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21305">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>The source of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21306">
                <text>born-digital</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="57">
            <name>Media Type</name>
            <description>The media type of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21307">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="59">
            <name>Created by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the author created this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21308">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="60">
            <name>Described by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the description of this item was submitted by the author.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21309">
                <text>no</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Entered</name>
            <description>The date this item was entered into the archive.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21310">
                <text>2002-12-12</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
