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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>President Bush formalized his vision for America and the rest of the world in  The National Security Strategy of the United States. In it, the United States reserves the right to attack its adversaries preemptively, and vows never to allow any country to challenge American military and economic superiority. Scary, isnt it? </text>
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              <text>After months of intense work, President Bush formalized his vision for America and the rest of the world. Under this worldview, the United States reserves the right to attack its adversaries preemptively and vows never to allow any country to challenge Americas military and economic superiority. Scary, isnt it?

Entitled The National Security Strategy of the United States, the document was heavily edited by Mr. Bush because some of its sections reportedly sounded overbearing and arrogant. It is to be presented to Congress for adoption as Americas new doctrine. Despite smoothing, the arrogance of power is noticeable. These pronouncements are bound to make sovereign nations uneasy, with some of them feeling intimidated.

The new doctrine also strikes at the root of multilateralism, which forms the basis of the United Nations. It essentially means that might is right, and that when America disagrees with the world the only opinion it cares about is its own.

The idea of striking an adversary in a far away land before it has taken any belligerent action against the United States seems, plainly, aggressive. The document, in part, states that although the United States would seek to build alliances, we will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting pre-emptively. 

Preventing other countries from trying to match or exceed Americas military or economic power smacks of dictatorship, especially coming from a country that never tires of expressing support for freedom. 

Journalists writing about U.S. foreign policy wont have to read between the lines of a White House statement any longer to understand whats behind Americas action against a given country. It is already there, in print: the president has no intention of allowing any foreign power to catch up with the huge lead the United States has opened since the fall of the Soviet Union more than a decade ago, the document states, adding, Our forces will be strong enough to dissuade potential adversaries from pursuing a military buildup in hopes of surpassing, or equaling, the power of the United States. 

The wording leaves little doubt about what the United States will do if it were unable to dissuade a country diplomatically from seeking military parity. With the former Soviet Union mired in economic problems and the Muslim world in a state of technological, political and economic crisis, the only country fitting the profile seems to be China.  

Because Muslim countries do not pose an immediate military challenge, they can be dealt with by use of foreign aid, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank loans, as well as direct military force. In essence, America would use all available means to win the battle for the future of the Muslim world, including economic and cultural invasion. 

Moreover, the United States will support moderate and modern government, especially in the Muslim world, to ensure that the conditions and ideologies that promote terrorism do not find fertile ground in any nation. Translated, it means that the Muslim governments would be coaxed into introducing the American brand of Islam, and oppress those who differ. 

The document states that America will actively work to bring the hope of democracy, development, free markets and free trade to every corner of the world. The rhetoric is a euphemism for the imposition of the New World Order on weaker nations. The concept of free market and free trade have of late become the rallying point of conscientious Americans who oppose them because they exploit the natural resources of the poor countries and keep them perpetually under economic subjugation of the rich nations.

On the Palestinian issue, the main cause of Muslim unhappiness toward the United States, the national strategy document advocates freedom for both sides and the creation of an independent and democratic Palestine.  In principle, this is a welcome reaffirmation of Americas policy on the Middle East for some time. However, it does not announce any plans to make it a reality. Instead it talks about a reformed Palestinian government, meaning the ouster of Yasir Arafat, a demand similar to Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharons. 

Israeli occupation of Palestine consumes most of Americas foreign aid and energy, and creates the bulk of hatred towards it, yet the document fails to show a resolve to do anything to change the status quo. 

While Israeli forces brutalize the Palestinian population and destroy the Palestinian Authority structures brick by brick, one is appalled at the lack of American denunciation of that inhuman policy. Attacking Iraq for suspected development of nuclear and chemical weapons, but avoiding any mention of Israel already possessing those weapons clearly makes the doctrine of preemptive strike hypocritical.

A world without checks and balances is a dangerous place. Mr. Bushs national strategy document amply reminds us of this danger. However, Americans can find solace in the fact that this self-centered vision of the world may not last beyond the Bush administration.


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The number of undocumented immigrants obtaining false drivers licenses increased after most states passed laws prohibiting undocumented immigrants from applying for state drivers license.

Immigrant organizations protested the new laws. According to the Bergen Record, many of the 300,000 immigrants living here illegally either have fake documents or obtained their drivers license illegally.

Until September 11th, all immigrants with valid six-month tourist visas could apply for drivers licenses in most states. Licenses issued were valid for four years. Then, federal authorities investigating the terrorist attacks discovered that suspects used legally obtained drivers licenses to rent cars and board airplanes.

Now applicants must be legal residents or have valid working visas; the licenses expire when the visas do. Similar laws have been passed in New Jersey and many other states in February.

According to Jennifer Ching, staff attorney at the Immigrant Workers Rights Project at the New Jersey ACLU, the black market specializing in production and distribution of fake international drivers licenses has been growing. Immigrants who purchased those documents were informed the documents are sufficient to legally drive a vehicle; this is untrue. 

International drivers licenses are also a hot item among drivers whose privileges have been revoked, for example, for too many DWIs (convictions for driving while intoxicated). Last October, a California resident was fined $45,000 for selling drivers licenses over the Internet to New Jersey drivers who had lost their licenses for driving while intoxicated. 

The legitimate International Drivers License is issued by the American Automobile Association and is valid only with an original license issued by the drivers country of origin. It should not be used more than a few months.</text>
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              <text>Discount and sale signs are everywhere in the windows of the hundreds of jewelry stores along crowded Canal Street. As one of the major businesses in Chinatown, the jewelry stores are still struggling one year after September 11th. The stores are still forced to stimulate business with big discounts, as they have been doing during the whole year. Despite the promotion, people in the industry still complain that the business is far from what it was a year ago.

The jewelry industry is a traditional one in Chinatown. A lot of family-owned stores date back at least two decades. And there are about 250 or so jewelry stores in Chinatown. Most of them are clustered along Canal and Bowery Streets. Because of the quantity and reasonable prices, Chinatown jewelry industry is considered an equal counterpart of the jewelry hub on Fifth Avenue. The closure of many roads and the unprecedented tight security check made Chinatown almost a dead zone for a long time after September 11th. With the additional inconvenience of the lack of telecommunications in the area, owners of jewelry stores had to shut down their business for about a week, as did other business owners. 

When businesses reopened, they found that the crowded streets and dynamic business taken for granted before September 11th were gone. According to an Asian American Federation survey, Chinatown after September 11th, in the first three months after September 11th, the sales of jewelry industry dropped 50 percent. Although business has recovered slowly over the last year, jewelry businessmen said their business is still only 70 percent of what it was last year.

The entire effect of September 11th is still hitting us, said Larry Feng, the manager of Li Xing Jewelry store. Feng explained that although the traffic and telecommunication are improving, the already battered American economy has worsened after September 11th.  Layoffs in the newspapers are not news anymore, and people lack confidence in the economy. 

The economy situation affects all the business. But as for the jewelry industry, I think we were affected most, said Feng. Feng noted jewelry is not everyday merchandise but a luxury. When the economic down turns, people trim luxuries first out of the budget events. The recovery of the jewelry industry depends on the recovery of the whole economy, Feng said.

George Chan, an owner of another jewelry store, pointed out that intense competition also contributes to the slow recovery of Chinatown jewelry industry. 

During the 90s, a lot of new jewelry stores opened in Chinatown, Chan said. Before September 11th, when the tourists rushed into Chinatown every day, we were not worried about customers, [and] the new stores had helped increase the quantity of Chinatowns jewelry stores and, therefore, draw the attention of jewelry buyers on us. But now, tourists are much fewer than before. The stores have to compete with one another for the limited customers. More stores only means less chance all to survive.

Amy So, a daughter of the well-known jewelry Sos family, agrees with Chan. So works as a diamond designer in David S. Diamond, a familys store on the Fifth Avenue. Sos believes that the jewelry business on Fifth Avenue completely recovered several months after September 11th. But a lot of family friends who own stores in Chinatown still complain about the sagged business. The reason of the disparity, So said, is Chinatowns harsh competition and lack of design. 

So explained, that after 1997, when Hong Kong was returned to China, Chinatown experienced the flux of Hong Kong immigrants worried about the legacy of Hong Kong. Jewelry is a traditional business of Hong Kong. And lot of new immigrants worked in that industry in Hong Kong, and upon their arrival, they opened jewelry stores in Chinatown and tried to live on the business they were familiar with. This increased the competition among jewelry stores in Chinatown. The problem in Chinatown is there are so many stores, but they dont have their own style, said So. Compared to the jewelry stores on Fifth Avenue, whose lifeline is specialized designs, Chinatowns stores are no different from one another, So noted. They just repeat themselves and have few special designs, she said. So many stores compete for customers with the same taste. Its no surprise that they were stuck.</text>
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              <text>Seventeen year-old Erastro reluctantly agreed to pose for his picture after an indigenous community leader from Erastros hometown convinced him that the photographer, although a white Mexican, was trustworthy.

Also known as Méjico at the Dominican restaurant where he works, Erastro stands just about five feet tall; his face is round and his skin is almost as dark as his black hair. To many New Yorkers, these characteristics may describe the majority of Mexicans, but spend a little time with Erastro and his Mixteca identity is almost immediately apparant. His first language is Náhuatl, and his soft-spoken manner reveals an unmistakably rural upbringing.

Erastro comes from the Mixteca region, an area which spans parts of the Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Puebla states in south-central Mexico. It is a rural area with a concentrated indigenous population that, in recent years, has become one of the principal places of origins of migrants to the United States.

The 1990 census recorded the Mexican population in New York at 61,722, up from 7,364 in 1970. According to Barnard College Sociology Professor Robert Smith, author of several books on indigenous migration to the United States; by 1992 that number had risen to 96,000.

Smith, whose articles have been published by the North American Congress for Latin America (NACLA), believes that this boom in immigration has three causes: the Mexican farm crisis in the 1980s, the 1986 Amnesty Law, and the high demand for service workers in New York.

Many Mixtecas who come to the city are often unable to speak Spanish, read or write. The difficulties they encounterabuse, exploitation, discrimination, povertyare all too familiar. 	

The fact that they dont speak Spanish shouldnt warrant abuse and humiliation, said Victor Guzmán, an indigenous leader from Guerrero who now works for the employment agency Casa Mexico. According to Guzmán, cases of Mexican business owners abusing indegenous Mexicans are common.

Besides the problems most new immigrants face, indigenous Mexicans pay the price of being one minority within another. Smith writes that, indigenous Mexicans do not naturally fall into any one spot in New Yorks social and racial hierarchies. They enter New York both as immigrants and Latinos.

For this reason, indigenous Mexicans sacrifice their own well-being for that of their families; they are often forced to navigate social networks organized heavily by race. 

In Erastros case, this translates into 12-hour workdays for a weekly salary of $250. One quarter of his salary goes to pay the $800 he still owes the coyote who brought him here, and another quarter goes to his family in Guerrero. On his one day off, Saturday, he usually does laundry and talks to his friends, fellow Náhuatl speaking Mixtecas. With their help, he has now ridden the subway twice, ventured into Brooklyn once for two hours, and learned how to send money to Mexico.

&lt;b&gt;Mexico, beloved and beautiful?&lt;/b&gt;

The racial divisions that characterize Mexico are strong yet subtle. Despite the 1910 Revolution, almost 5.5 million indigenous Mexicans still live as marginalized citizens. Terms such as &lt;i&gt;indio&lt;/i&gt;, which is commonly used to refer to someone who is ignorant and uncouth, are a reflection of the repressive social order. Only 20.7 percent of Mexicans households that speak a langauge other than Spanish have services such as running water, sewage, and electricity.

Guzmán estimates that 30 to 40 percent of Mexican immigrants in El Barrio are indigenous. Some take the time to practice English during the day while at work and Spanish at night with friends or neighbors. For others, however, the best they can do is try to survive and keep a steady job.

I know some people that spoke our language back home, but here they only want to speak Spanish. I think they feel embarrassed, said Erastro.

According to Mónica Santana, Director of the Latino Workers Center, the majority of Mexicans who seek the organizations help with work-related problems are indigenous.

The thing is that they dont tell us, said Santana, These people try to hide their identity because in their countries they were discriminated against. The same thing happens with Guatemalan, Ecuadorian, and Honduran immigrants.

More often than not, Mexicans who are concerned with maintaining their cultural identity have a higher social and financial status than the Mixtecas, Zapotecos, or Tlapanecos who live here.

Every Friday afternoon behind the grocery store El Limon on 125th Street, the members of the Cetiliztli Nauhcampa Quetzalcoatl in Ixachitlan (Group of the Fourth Paths in the Land of Red People) dance group meet in a ballroom under a mural of Ricardo Franco. The mural represents the Spanish conquest of Mexico and the religious syncretism there. Before the dancers begin, they form in a circle to pray and perform a purification ritual. Most dancers come from urban centers in Mexico, maintain good jobs and speak Spanish.

Unfortunately, Erastro cant be present on Friday afternoon; he gets out of work too late and depends on his boss for a ride home.

Anyway, said Erastro standing outside of his workplace on 117th Street, I dont know how to make it all the way over there by myself.</text>
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              <text>Was it a Freudian slip or was Prime Minister PJ Patterson predicting the future in the upcoming elections to be held in Jamaica later this year? 

Mr. Patterson, the longest continuous serving Prime Minister in office, was outlining the countrys progress since independence 40 years ago at the Live and Direct at the Town Hall meeting last Thursday night at the Brooklyn Marriott, downtown Brooklyn. However, instead of saying 40, he said four. Someone corrected him the audience, who joked that he was referring to his fourth consecutive term in office. Elections will be held certainly before the year ends and he predicted it would be the most peaceful election in recent times. 

However, while the system is being fine-tuned to make sure its fair and free he appealed to the overseas connection to stop sending the weapons in the barrels. The weapons come in the fridge and barrels. Its destroying the country, your friends, you relatives, your mothers, sisters, brothers, schoolmates.

The progress report from the Prime Minister outlined a decade of positive developments to ensure competition in the global marketplace; the development of human capital; the improvement in physical infrastructure; the advent of the Caribbean Court of Justice; the stability of the Jamaican dollar; the National Health Insurance.

This does not mean that we are not fraught with obstacles, but we are ready for challenges, he said.

For the 40th independence anniversary, major celebrations are being planned. One such to kick of the activities will be the hosting of the 9th IAAF World Junior championship in track and field athletics at the National Stadium, July 16  21. Over 159 countries have already agreed to participate in the games. 

During the question and answer session, the Prime Minister seemingly got a little flustered when he was accused by at least two participants of selling out the country.

I feel let down, Mr. Prime Minister as you sell usyou sell off JPS [Jamaica Public Service, an electric company] and Mutual [insurance company]. You sold us out, one man, Moses Rodriquez, repeatedly seemingly to drive home his point. 

Another questioned whether or not selling off our assets is a blueprint for disaster. 

The Prime Minister, calmly and calculatedly, explained that the government had to get several private companies help to modernize the plant. 

I invited proposals from everywhere and from everybody to come forward, and not one Jamaican group at home or abroad stepped to the plate. If no Jamaican Company or a group of Jamaicans abroad had said they wanted to come home and run it, that would have been good. 

But not one, not one, he gesticulated, raising that first finger, accepted the offer, he said to applause from sections of the audience, and with shouts of tell him sah from the staunch PNP supporter sitting near to me. 

With regards to Mutual, there was a big problem .Everybody was in control and there was confusion. We pumped in billions of dollars, but the more we pumped, the bigger the sinkhole. While I revere the memory of George William Gordon (who founded Mutual Life), we still had other pressing matters. Mr. (Michael Lee) Chin from Canada came back no with mouth but with money to invest. He came with proposals and we welcomed him. He was willing to invest, so dont come here and tell me about sell out. Just come back home and see what we have done and you will see a better country, the Prime Minister said. 

Other questions touched on the exporting of teachers and its impact on the development of the country; deportees; how the Social Sciences department at UWI analyzing the crime situation; globalization, the development of the Rockfort community by companies in the area, AIDS, and solid wastes in the environment. 

The Prime Minister was welcomed by Deputy Borough President Jamaican Yvonne Graham, on behalf of the president Marty Markowitz. Prayers were offered by Bishop Riley, of the Freedom Hall Church of God. The Prime Minister was accompanied by Fitz Jackosn and Marjorie Taylor. </text>
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              <text>The Flushing Hindu temple at Queens is one of the first temples built in the United Statesand John Liu is no stranger to it, having visited it several times including once to attend a  friends wedding. 

His April 30 visit, however, was official. Liu visited the temple as the first Asian to have been elected to the City Council of New York, and his visit was display of solidarity with the Indian community that had backed him during the election. 

After paying respects at the temple, he sat with Dr. Uma Mysorekar, president of the Hindu Temple Society of North America which manages the temple, among others, to discuss problems the temple is faces. 

Parking, Dr. Mysorekar told Liu, is the single biggest problem. She also asked the newly elected councilor to help arrange additional police patrolling on weekends in the area to ward off incidents of jewelry and purse-snatching.  She suggested in front of the temple be made one way, adding explanations by officials while denying her requests were contradictory. 

Liu promised to take these matters up with the officials concerned, and suggested the Chinese and Indian communities in Flushing, which he termed as the place where people from all parts of the world live together. 

Indians should attend Chinese events and vice versa for better understanding, he suggested. 

We should not live as islands, but join together for our rights, Liu said, adding that a first step in this direction could be for leaders of both communities to meet and suggest ways to enhance interaction. 

Liu said he was thrilled at the chances of New York holding the 2012 Olympic Games. 

In the event New Yorks bid wins, Queens will be the center of events, and Flushing will benefit in terms of accelerated development, he pointed out. Before September 11th, the chances of getting the 2012 Olympics were bright. After September 11th, the chances are even brighter, he said. 

He promised to allot, from funds available to him, money for the temples youth program. 

A month after the September 11th attacks, the temple chariot was destroyed in a case of  arson. Dr. Mysorekar pointed out that the authorities have not managed to trace the culprits and the case is considered closed. The chariot was not insured and the fire also claimed the house it was kept in. 

Maybe the Lord wanted a new chariot, Dr. Mysorekar said philosophically. 

A replacement is being built in India, and will be transported in July. 

The temple has plans for expansion, including the construction of a Rajagopura, Mysrorekar told India Abroad later. 

Immediate plans include construction of staff quarter for six families, which will also house a library and senior citizens facility, at an estimated cost of $1.2 million. The temple employs 22 people. 

A full time librarian will be appointed and books on Vedanta procured for study and research. Even now, Dr. Mysorekar said, the temple gets many books but lacks storage space. 

The proposed senior citizens home will accommodate 35 people. It is intended as a day careelder citizens can be kept when people go to office, and picked up again in the evening. </text>
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              <text>Members of Bomdaewi, the Committee of Pan-Koreans, a group of activists formed in response to these killings, and their leader, Rev. Han Sang-ryol, held a protest rally in front of the UN building on Dec. 3 at noon, along with a coalition of New York groups, including: the New York branch of Korean Democratic Reunification of Korea (Representative Hak-sam Song), and the International Action Center, (Chairman Ramsey Clark, former U.S. attorney general).  They demanded that U.S. President George W. Bush openly apologize for the deaths of two Korean girls crushed by an American combat vehicle in June.  They also demanded a retrial of the soldiers in a Korean court and revision of the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA). 
 
The demonstrators then moved to Times Square, the center of Manhattan, and they held a silent protest in front of the U.S. military recruiting station.
 
Rev. Han Sang-ryol and several other members also displayed photos showing crimes committed by U.S. soldiers stationed in Korea, and scenes from the deaths of Shin Hyo Soon and Shim Mi Sun by the U.S. armored vehicle.
 
"We want President Bush to publicly apologize in person, punish those responsible and revise the Status of Forces Agreement,'' or SOFA, Han said. 

Han and others will give a press conference at the National Press Center on Friday before visiting the White House to deliver their letter to President Bush, along with documents that contain over 1.3 million signatures demanding Bush's personal apology and SOFA reform.  The delegation also will deliver a protest letter to the Pentagon. 

They will hold rallies in front of the White House in Washington D.C., before returning to Seoul.  Han and six other members will call on the Pentagon, hoping to meet with the South Korean delegation at an annual ROK-U.S. Security Consultative Meeting (SCM). 

"Bomdaewi" will hold a protest and other activities, including a video screening, over nine nights and 10 days in New York, Washington D.C., and Los Angeles, and then will return to Korea on Dec. 11.

Meanwhile, in Korea, a group of Catholic priests continued a hunger strike near the U.S. Embassy, while Buddhist monks have vowed to hold rallies today, along with citizens, to demand a retrial of the servicemen and rewriting of the SOFA, which governs the legal status of 37,000 U.S. troops stationed here.  


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              <text>Read through any Chinatown tour guide and you will always find the Chinatown Ice Cream Factory on Bayard Street gets high marks. Founded 25 years ago by five second-generation Chinese brothers, CICF has attracted a large group of loyal customers, both Chinese and Western, with its special flavors.</text>
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              <text>Read through any Chinatown tour guide, and in addition to dim sum, there will always be a recommendation to try ice cream at the Chinatown Ice Cream Factory (CICF), on Bayard Street. Actually, as one of the oldest Chinese-run ice cream stores, the 25-year-old CICF has already attracted a large group of loyal customers, both Chinese and Western, with its special flavors.

I always pass by here on my way home, said Liao, as her five-year-old daughter licked a red bean corn and she held a mango one from the CICF. Some of their flavors you cant find anywhere else, she said.

Every time I come to Chinatown, I come here, said Jana Willinger, who lives in Brooklyn. I can find something different here that I cant find at the chain stores like Haagen Dazs.

Being different is what the five Zhao brothers, who founded and manage the CICF, always pursue. And being different was the reason that 25 years ago, the brothers, who are the second generation of a Chinese immigrant family, didnt pick up typical Chinese industries such as restaurants or laundries, but squeezed into the ice cream industry, which is dominated by large companies. 

Zhaos parents emigrated from China to New York in the early 1940s. Because he suffered from anti-immigrant discrimination, Zhaos father picked up a mainstream last name, Seid, for his family. The five brothers still use it on paper, but their first names couldnt be more Chinese: Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi, Xin each contains a word from the five virtues of confucism: humanity, justice, propriety, wisdom and faith. The names show Zhaos fathers expectation of his sons. And the five virtues also have become Zhaos brothers management principal and contributed to the survival and success of the CICF.    

We were all in our 20s, didnt have money, but did have plenty of adventurous ideas, said Yi Zhao, (Philip Seid), the second of five brothers. Although his father tried various businesses, including a laundromat, his sons wanted to try something different. At the time, the only ice cream store in all of Chinatown was a Carvel chain store on Mott Street, where a Haagen Dazs is located today. Zhaos brother thought the potential market was far from fully served. 

None of us know anything about the ice cream industry. But our adventurous personality encouraged us to start the business, said Yi. Without a big budget, the brothers did all the decorating themselves. The wall was done by our oldest brother. The ceiling light was the third brothers job. And the floor was finished by me and other brothers, said Yi.

However, during the first several months, the business was not as good as the five brothers expected. We had all the popular flavors, such as chocolate and vanilla, but people just ignored this small, Chinese-run store, and went to the Carvel as they used to, Yi said. And there had been a Chinese-run ice cream store before us. But it closed soon after its grand opening.

Although they used Seid as their last name on their business cards, it didnt take the Zhao  brothers too long to realize that the only way to make the CICF survive was to differentiate it from its mainstream competitors. Thus, several of the Zhaos special flavorstaro, banana, mango, and lycheewere born. 

It was not hard. Its actually just a mixture of the popular flavors and Chinese fruits, said Yi. But its our specialty. And it ensured a boom for the CICF.

As the business grew, troubles came as well. There are always some people who dont like you. Yi said. One of them was Carvel, which sued the CICF for copying part of their copyright-protected nameIce Cream Factory. Then, the Chinese gangsters came to collect a protection fee. The case with Carvel only lasted for a week. And we compromised and paid the fine, because we didnt have enough money or time to fight with a big company, said Yi. 

But the way the Zhao brothers dealt with gangsters was to, return an eye for an eye and and a tooth for a tooth, an old Chinese expression meaning, treat people in the same manner they treat you. 

At that time, the gangs controlled the whole of Chinatown. Most business people didnt dare to confront them. Paying them money was the only way they knew how to deal with gangsters, said Yi. We five were probably among the first who fought back. We had several fights with them. They punched my nose. My brothers and I also beat them badly, said Yi, rubbing his nose as if the fight happened just yesterday. They always threatened to retaliate. But they never returned.    
 
 Although they fought bravely against the gangsters, in the eyes of their friends, the Zhao family is nice and loving. Stephen Katz has known Zhaos family since the first time he went into the CICF to buy an ice cream 10 years ago. I like the ice cream. I also like the owners family, said Katz, who then became a family friend of the Zhaos. They are a great Chinese family, in which the family members are very close to each other. Whenever one gets into trouble, the others are always there to help. I think this is a major reason for the success of this family-run store.   

Chinatown changed a lot during the past 25 years. The Carvel on Mott Street was replaced by a Haagen Dazs. But the CICF, which has 40 different flavors and 12 specials, has become the best-known ice cream store in Chinatown. Competition is always there, Yi said. But we have our specials. This will be in our blood line forever. </text>
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              <text>Christian-right extremist Jerry Falwells comment that the Prophet Mohammed was a terrorist on 60 Minutes prompted a large protest of the CBS-TV offices on Oct. 8. 

Many in the media, as well as prominent ministers and rabbis, also expressed dismay at Falwell and CBS. Many Muslims have responded to the appeal by the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA), and protested in front of CBS offices in Manhattan and Houston as well as by fax, email and telephone.

On one hand, President Bush tells the public not to denigrate Islam or Muslims. He has called Islam a religion of peace. He has also said that the administration and the public should not be prejudiced against Arabs and other Muslims. On the other hand, Bush's friend and spiritual guide, Jerry Falwell, is busy defaming the prophet of Islam and Muslims.

On 60 Minutes Falwell called Prophet Mohammed a terrorist and Islam a fraudulent religion. Since President Bush is silent on this issue we believe that he must agree with Falwell.

Many Christian leaders have criticised Falwell, Pat Robertson, and Franklin Graham.

Speaking to the protestors at the Houston CBS offices, Zulfiqar Ali Shah, president of ICNA, said that President Bush must stop associating with people who, like Jerry Falwell, are prejudiced.

Naeem Baig, general secretary of ICNA, said that as part of their faith, Muslims pay respects to Prophets Moses and Jesus. He hoped that many in the Jewish and Christian communities will register their protest against the defamation of the Prophet of Islam.

ICNA has said people should be respectful when they register their protests. People may call or fax CBS (phone: 212 975 3691; fax: 212 975 1893). ICNA also encouraged people to  call the offices of the Washington Times and commend their wonderfully supportive 
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Other organizations that protested include Pakistan Americans for Community Organizing, Council of Pakistani Organizations, Muslim League Voice, People's Party Voice and Pakistani Progressive Forum.</text>
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              <text>In his first days as councilmember of District 21 in Queens, the New Yorker-Puerto Rican Hiram Monserrate, a Democrat, presented himself as a friend of the people.  However he can hardly be called that, considering he ran a nasty smear campaign with the help of Dominicans Juan Gómez and Miguel López.  Moreover, Monserrate not only failed to show political effectiveness, but also has done little in favor of the community.

While López and Gómez remain loyal to the councilman, Monserrate has betrayed them through aggression against Dominican people.  It is well known in Queens that during Monserrates campaign, he authorized the defacement of his opponents campaign material, especially that of Dominican Angel del Villar.  It is also well known that Monserrate, a former policeman, was behind the removal of documents from a political event that was the cause of del Villars arrest.  After holding a position in a Hispanic police organization (about which we will have more information in the future), Monserrate failed to honor the organization that gave him opportunity and education, and supportied subversive activities in his own department.

Monserrate is a fraud.  During his campaign, he made many promises to the people of District 21, but after 120 days in office he has yet to give his first address to the community or present a political agenda for his term.  There are two possible explanations for this: either the councilmember didnt know what he was getting himself into, or he is so steeped in corruption and disorganization that he do anything but maintain the status quo.  One of his many campaign vows was to confront the drainage problem in District 21; however, he has yet to show any interest in the problem.  The only noteworthy thing Monserrate has done so far has been to hold a meeting for 40 clergymen in a small restaurant in Queens, where they were served hot chocolate.  No members of the press were invited to the meeting, further evidence of Monserrates disinterest in his position and in the community.  He is so detached that he hasnt even thought about hiring a cleaning service; instead, his small staff takes care of that in his office on Northern Boulevard and 99th Street in Corona.
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              <text>The Choice is Yours: At the McDonalds on Canal Street, you can use the bathroom only if you buy a $1 certificate or unless youve already spent at least that on food or drink.</text>
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              <text>McDonalds usual we love to see you smile slogan may be turned into a we love to see you frown campaign in Manhattans Chinatown.

The fast food chain is taking its the choice is yours dollar menu out of the kitchen and into its restrooms.

At the McDonalds in the bustling Canal Street commercial area, visitors wanting to use the bathroom are being forced to buy a $1 certificate if they havent already spent at least that amount on food or drink.

If they arent prepared to pay up, then a security guard, employed just for this purpose, will block their way to the bathroom. The certificate can be redeemed for food if it is used the same day.

Denise Gatsche, from New Jersey, didnt see much happiness through the Golden Arches when she tried to use the bathroom last weekend. After being stopped by the security guard and told to read a sign with the policy in English, Chinese and Spanish, she was forced to rush across the street to the neighboring Burger King, which has a more liberal toilet policy.

"They don't care whether people piss in their pants," Gatsche said bitterly.

Her fiancé, Christopher Colby, added, "I think it should be illegal for McDonalds to charge people to use the restroom."

In Burger King, a sign on the door says that the restroom is for customers only, but nobody bothers those drifting in off the street with the sole purpose of relieving themselves.

"We put that sign there only to let people realize that we expect them to buy stuff," said a manager of the Canal Street Burger King, who wouldnt disclose his name. "But we won't stop them. There are only two fast-food chains on Canal Street. This is a very busy street  people need the bathrooms."

The lack of public bathrooms in the Big Apple has long been a complaint of visitors and residents alike. According to a City Council survey of 2,000 New York City residents conducted in August 2001, about 59 percent had been bothered by the lack of restrooms in public places in the previous 12 months.

With precious few public toilets available, some travel guide books tell tourists to turn to the nearest McDonalds and other fast-food chains.

The McDonalds security guard-turned-toilet monitor, Rolando Reypolds, said he is in a very uncomfortable position. Until the Canal Street McDonalds introduced its policy several months ago, his main job was to greet customers at the door.

"Before, when I opened the door for people, they said 'thank you' to me," Recpolds said. "Now they look down on me. Some people are understanding, but some argue with me. This is a hard job."

The Canal Street McDonalds manager declined to comment. It wasnt immediately clear whether the policy had been brought in by an individual franchise or if it was more widespread.

McDonalds officials at the companys regional office couldnt be reached for comment on Thursday. But the managers of other McDonalds in New York expressed surprise.

At the Times Square McDonalds, the manager said, "They do? My God, who's the manager? He added, "We won't do it. It's not right.

At a McDonalds in Flushing, the Chinatown in Queens, the manager also expressed surprise at such a policy. "We consider McDonalds a public place, and the restroom is for the public. We won't stop anybody from using it, he said, while declining to give his name. "Sometimes I go out. I have
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              <text>For gay and transgendered teens, Unger House and its parent organization, Green Chimneys, has given them a second chance at life. Many of the kids here have a triple-whammy, said Randi Anderson, a director with Green Chimneys. They are gay or transgender, Hispanic, Latino or Caribbean, or learning disabled. </text>
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              <text>On a Friday afternoon, 10 gay and transgendered teens laugh and talk on the steps of a well-kept Gramercy Park apartment building. A pretty transgendered girl sweeps her carefully coiffed hair from her face as she flirts and poses. Nearby, two boys with coffee-colored skin watch her and smile. It is lunch hour at Unger House, and soon two dozen kids will attend their house meeting and receive their allowances. 

For these kids, Unger House and its parent organization, Green Chimneys, has given them a second chance at life. It doesnt take an advocate like Rosie ODonnell for most of us to realize that growing up in the foster care system provides a less-than-perfect childhood. To the very real problems of being shuttled between transient housing every year, poverty and a broken home, now add an adolescents growing realization that he is gay, and the situation becomes that much worse. But the gay foster kids enrolled in Green Chimneys can find the education, compassion and understanding they need to become strong, healthy adults. 

The New York City Administration of Childrens Services [ACS] didnt want to acknowledge that gay kids werent getting everything they needed in the foster care system, but Gary [Mallon, the founder] stood in the face of homophobia and transphobia, recalled Randi Anderson, the director of Green Chimneys Life Skills Program, from her cozy office in Unger House. He wanted kids to be safe in a group home rather than out in the streets. 

A combination of both Cagney and Lacey, Anderson exudes the perfect combination of warmth and a no-nonsense attitude needed for this job. We fought tooth and nail to make this program for the GLBTQ (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, queer) kids, she said. Word got out that the school was a place where it would be safe to be gay. 

The original Green Chimneys was a 75-acre dairy farm upstate, in Putnam County. Beginning in 1947, Mallon used the farm to teach troubled kids how to be in harmony with animals and thereby learn more about themselves. Named for the green paint used on the cupolas and chimneys, the program grew through the years to include a pre-school and day camp, and later, group homes in Westchester County and in Danbury, Conn. 

In the 80s, Green Chimneys began operating the Gramercy Life Skills Program, a 25-bed facility for young men in Manhattan. The program now includes a Supervised Independent Living Program (SILP) in Harlem for gay and lesbian young people who range from 18 to 21-years-old. Today, Unger House stands as the only agency-sponsored program of its kind on the East Coast. 

Many of the kids here have a triple-whammy, said Anderson, who has worked with the program since 1993. They are gay or transgender, Hispanic, Latino or Caribbean, or learning disabled. Unger House provides a structured existence where, Anderson said, kids are rewarded with visitors and phone privileges. You get to higher levels if you keep up your schoolwork, hygiene, room care, curfew and attend meetings. They have to participate in the meetings. If you dont learn the lesson the meeting is teaching, at least you learn to socialize. If someone is grandstanding or monopolizing time, others will speak up.

The facilities at Unger House resemble a community center more than a state-run institution. Teens sit and talk on couches in an airy, open front room, while sun from a skylight streams in over a stone-lined indoor lily pond. A large tabby cat investigates a cage of songbirds. Kids have visiting hours, a curfew, and planned activities. As befitting gay and lesbian young people, the free time went way beyond team sports and card games. Anderson compared the goings-on, which include a dance and Bitchy Bingo, to the film Paris Is Burning. 

Enrollees can attend the Audre Lorde School, a city-sponsored program by the city to get a high-school diploma. The Audre Lorde program helps gay and lesbian students who are harassed at mainstream schools. We have two Board of Education teachers, and a captive audience, so to speak, because a lot of the kids who live here are in the school, Anderson said. There are also kids who dont live here who come to the school, and we even take kids who are too old for high school or are undocumented.

For Anthony Harper, a 19-year-old known to his friends as Junior, Unger House has provided a place where he doesnt have to hide his identity. We can just be gay instead of going out and being gay and coming back and acting straight, he said. Harper, who is now enrolled in college, said he would rather be at Unger House than any other group home. We take a lot of the bonuses for granted, but they give us a lot, he said. Where else can we get $45 a week for an allowance?

The staff is realistic about the temptations these kids will find on the mean streets of New York City. We cant just be like Nancy Reagan and say Just say no, Anderson said. Kids will get high, will want to do things that they shouldnt, and will be learning about their bodies. We want them to be able to come to us and say, I took drugs, and I feel bad, for the transgender kids to come to us and say, I got an implant, and something feels wrong. They may face penalties, and get dropped a level if they do drugs or stay out all night, but at least they can get the help they might need.

Kids need to discover that school can be a safe environment for learning, regardless of the lesson, Anderson said. This month, she plans to discuss the problem of homophobia in schools at a meeting with the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network. School is not just about class work, its about socialization skills, she noted. 

Although ACS has been more responsive this year to the program at Unger House, the agency still presses her to find jobs for the kids. Their parents throw these kids out, and say Dont come home until youre a man, she said. They are ignorant, and some of them are very religious. So when ACS says, Go get a job, if the name on your birth certificate is Charlie, but you go by Destiny and have breasts and wear a dress, how are you going to get a job? I cant even get some of them in patient substance abuse programs!

Although Anderson applauds the addition of transgender protection to the citys human rights legislation, she doesnt expect transphobia to disappear overnight. She tries to get part-time jobs and internships to build experience and pride. Anderson has found some success working with Friends Indeed and a restaurant chef who gives the residents cooking classes; recently, he hired four of them to work in his restaurant. 

For kids who prove to be more self-sufficient, Green Chimneys offers the Supervised Independent Living Program apartments in Harlem; seven apartments for 18 gay youth to ease the transition from foster care to independent living. The program offers a 15-unit course, based on Green Chimneys own curriculum, Life Skills for Living in the Real World. Residents then implement this course living in a furnished apartment with another resident. 

In the uptown facility, there is a different criterion, Anderson explained. They want you to have your high school diploma, be working or in college, and at a high level of functioning. If they show they are capable of cooking, cleaning and working, they are given money, and have to buy their own food. It is not 24-hour supervision, but it is still supervised. They have to go to monthly meetings, but it is the least level of restrictive care. 

Triangle Tribe Apartments is a new program from Green Chimneys that holds meetings open to any child in foster care who needs a safe space. Once a week, young people can get together in a place where they can find other people like themselves  a welcome respite from the stress of their everyday lives.

Anderson looks at her work like a group mom. Garys focus is safety and teaching life skills. Im a loving person, and he showed me a place where I can be a mother, said Anderson. On the other hand, when you go into social work, you learn about transference, and sometimes kids who have issues with their mothers transfer it to me. I become subject to their rage. But if youre good, you can grab that moment and begin the healing. If you cant teach them to fill that hole, what can you do? You cant fill it for them.

For more info contact: Randi Anderson at Green Chimneys 212-677-7288, ext. 208 www.greenchimneys.org 
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              <text>In an effort to promote Japanese-style teaching methods, a Japanese school in Greenwich, Conn., opened its doors to 140 American teachers from across the U.S. Teachers observed math classes and discussed issues such as the content of textbooks and problem-solving strategies, which are handled very differently in the two cultures.</text>
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              <text>On Nov. 21, The New York Japanese School (located in Greenwich, Conn; Principal: Kouji Yoshida) held open elementary arithmetic and upper-level math classes.  The New York Japanese School has focused its resources on its arithmetic and math department for several years and began opening these classes for observation in collaboration with teachers from Paterson, New Jerseys School #2. The partnership has garnered attention as an example of U.S.-Japanese educational exchange in practice. At this years open class, more than 140 teachers and researchers from all over the United States came to observe the Japanese-style lessons with great interest. The group also included about 30 teachers from after school programs in New York, Detroit, Columbus, and Los Angeles. As always at this school of only Japanese students, the open class day brought an influx of U.S.-Japanese educators, and there was a palpable excitement in the airvery different from the normal everyday atmosphere of the school.

The open classes demonstrated how teachers created general unit guidance plans in conjunction with actual lesson plans. It is the goal of these open classes to encourage schools everywhere to practice this effective method of guidance used by Japanese schools in the United States. 

American teachers observed (wearing earphones that offered simultaneous interpretation) a special arithmetic and math lesson in the Japanese style. Also, teachers from Patersons School #2 conducted an open sixth grade arithmetic class in the gymnasium. The students, though surrounded by more than 140 teachers, were calm, and carried on class as usual.

According to Principal Yoshida, Though the differences in educational methodology between the United States and Japan are strikingly clear. This open class day attempts to bridge that gap by sharing teaching systems and plans, and demonstrating them in a classroom setting.

In the United States, teachers have their own subjects and own themes which they must research individually, attending seminars on their own and putting their individual knowledge to use in the classroom. Meanwhile, in Japanese schools, research meetings are organized by subject committees, and the lessons are carried out according to the predetermined theme of the year. 

The teaching methodology of arithmetic is also very different in the United States than in Japan. In the United States, the focus is placed on making students practice several problems and teaching them how to solve them. In Japan, teachers have adopted a guidance model of teaching that gives students various methods of calculating, say, the area of a trapezoid, and asks the students to choose the most effective formula themselves.

Furthermore, American elementary school arithmetic textbooks are thick, sometimes exceeding 300 pages. There is inevitably some overlap from one year to the next. Japanese textbooks, meanwhile, are systematically concentrated. Principal Yoshida points out this large discrepancy between the two countries educational ideologies.

The final part of the open class day was a large-scale assembly of all the participants and a free exchange of opinions and ideas. Several of the teachers who came to observe made comments like, I was surprised by the high level of education at Japanese schools, and I would like to use the Japanese methodology in my own class. However, some teachers had this to say: I actually tried using the Japanese-style methodology in my own class, but even though I went through all the motions, it still didnt work very well.

In light of the fact that there has been no previous consultation about methods of educational guidance between Japanese and American schools, and in light of the attention which has been focused on his school because of its epoch-making efforts to tackle this issue, Principal Yoshida had this to say: This open class day is a great stimulus for our schools teachers and students. There is still much more research and work that needs to be done, but I believe that the Japanese teaching methodology is being used more and more in American schools. I hope that we can work together with the schools in this area to promote further research and development.
	
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              <text>The Democratic Party has announced that it would officially support Asian candidates for the Party District leadership.

At the June 17 press conference held in front of the Flushing Library, four candidates, including Korean-American Terence Park, seeking the District 22s top leadership positions in the Democratic Party officially announced their candidacies. 

They also revealed that their candidacies are getting official support from the Queens Democratic Party. They added that, for the first time, the Party is granting its endorsement to these Asian Americans running for party leadership positions.  

On September 10, the primary election day, registered voters in Queens with the Democratic Party affiliation, will pick the two party leaders for each districts, which are divided into two parts, A and B. Each district must have a man and a woman representing the Party. City Councilman John Liu and Jacqueline Lavalle will be the teammates for District A. For District B, Terence Park and Ellen Young will be running teammates. 

For this party leadership election in District 22, many expect Asian American candidates to have a strong showing since three incumbents, including Assemblyman Brian McLaughlin, are not running. However, in District B, the former City Councilwoman Julia Harrison, who is only incumbent leader running, will face Ellen Young.

For the upcoming State Assembly election in the area, both John Liu and Terence Park announced that they would support Barry Grodenchik, a Jewish American, instead of two Asian American candidates Ethel Chen and Jimmy Meng. Grodenchik has also garnered endorsements from various insiders of the Party. 

In Flushing, Asian American voters are the majority, therefore, if we, the Asian Americans in the district, can pull together our support for Barry Grodenchik, he will win, John Liu said. We will show that Asian Americans can be the factor in upcoming election.</text>
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              <text>Last week, I visited churches and cathedrals to get signatures for the campaign to secure legal status for undocumented immigrants. many Korean-Americans encouraged me, saying such kind words as good job, and youre doing a wonderful thing. As I witnessed the positive reaction of the Korean-American community to the campaign, I felt proud of my work.</text>
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              <text>Whenever I hear the words undocumented immigrants, or illegal immigrants, I am reminded of my friend from high school.  Like many other high school students, my friend and I enjoyed our teenage years together. During our senior year, however, I discovered that he was an undocumented immigrant. My friend, who was bright, friendly, and full of smiles that he often shared with others, began to go astray, and his difficult financial circumstances forced him to throw away his acceptance letter from SUNY and enter a two-year college instead. Since then, we have lost touch, but during my involvement with the Signature Campaign to Grant Legal Status to Undocumented Immigrants, I could not stop thinking about him. 

According to the 2000 Census, there are currently about 180,000 undocumented Korean immigrants in America, and 45,000 of them live in New York. Regardless of how or why they came to the United States, they are all leading immigrant lives. They work just as hard as green card holders or naturalized citizens, and diligently pay taxes to the United States government. 

Nevertheless, because of their lack of legal status, undocumented immigrants are excluded from all government benefits and cannot even receive financial aid for education, which are funded by the taxes that they pay. The tragedy of September 11th has further exacerbated the lives of undocumented immigrants: the undocumented immigrant victims of September 11th, as well as their families, had to remain silent because of their illegal status and thus received no compensation. 

Fortunately, there is some good news. The Service Employees International Union (SEIU), which is the biggest labor union in the United States, began a signature campaign to secure legal status for undocumented immigrants. This signifies a major change in the American labor unions outlook on immigrant laborers. Previously, many labor unions in the United States have ignored the issue of immigrant workers, maintaining that an influx of immigrant labor destroys the established labor wage system. Many Korean-American organizations, including the National Korean American Service and Education Confederation, have joined such campaigns. 

Last week, I visited churches and cathedrals to get signatures for the campaign. Despite the hot weather, many Korean-Americans encouraged me, saying such kind words as good job, and youre doing a wonderful thing. Some elderly women asked if I was hungry and even brought me food. As I witnessed the positive reaction of the Korean-American community to the campaign, I felt proud of my work.

There is always at least one undocumented immigrant around us, whether he or she is a friend, or a colleague. We should not turn away from the burdens and sufferings of undocumented immigrants. Even on a humanitarian level, if these people have led an exemplary life as a citizen, performing all of its required duties, isnt it time for them to earn legal status? 

This week, I am once again participating in the Signature Campaign to Grant Legal Status to Undocumented Immigrants. It is for my friend from high school, for my neighbors, and for the numerous families of the victims of September 11th who had to grieve in silence. I hope that more Korean-Americans will participate in the campaign and show their support and care.    

&lt;i&gt; The author is a campaign coordinator for the National Korean American Service and Education Confederation.&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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              <text>Due to New York Citys deficit, small businesses are suffering from unreasonable tickets issued by the city.
 
The City government in the last two years has recorded a loss of $500 million, and it is in the worst financial situation since the financial crisis of 1970.
 
Some civil servants warned that, if the situation does not get any better soon, there is a high possibility that the New York City government will become bankrupt.  To decrease deficit spending, the New York City government is implementing money-collecting tactics.  Small businesses are most affected by this strategy. An endless stream of inspectors and other ticket-issuing personnel from the New York City Consumer Affairs Department, the Health Department, the Sanitation Department, the Buildings Department, and the Fire Department have been visiting small businesses.
 
Mr. P., who runs a small telecommunications business in Jackson Heights, Queens, was recently fined by an inspector from the Consumer Affairs Department for not displaying the price tags on phones clearly enough.  According to Mr. P., in addition to the price tag violation, the inspector also tried to claim that the taxes were not properly written down in the accounting book.  
 
Mr. Kim, who owns a deli in Elmhurst, Queens, said that he was fined by an inspector from the Building Department, who came without notice and claimed that the stores sign violated city rules.  
 
If the New York City government uses such cowardly means to resolve its fiscal problem, then it will never succeed, Mr. Kim said. He ranted, If, due to these inspectors, small businesses leave New York City, how does the City expect to regain its economic strength?  
 
People worry that New York Citys massive ticketing spree will continue until the budget is balanced.  Although this sudden strictness in law enforcement may not be comprehensible by the small business owners, once an inspector notices a violation, a ticket is unavoidable. New Yorks small businesses are suffering doubly: one because of the recession, and two because of the ticketing burden.     </text>
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              <text>Senator Charles Schumer met yesterday with directors of Latino community and nonprofit organizations to present his plan to increase donations from major foundations on the basis that these organizations do not receive a fair share of available funding from foundations and charitable trusts.

According to a 2000 study, only 13 of the 50 largest foundations in the nation, such as The Pew Charitable Foundation, The Ford Foundation, and The Rockefeller Foundation, have donated funds to Latino organizations in New York.

Schumer indicated that these nonprofits received only 1.3 percent of available funds from charitable foundations, while Latinos comprise 13 percent of the nations population.

Its not that these foundations dont want to fund Latino organizations, or that these organizations dont deserve the money, but rather there seems to be a lack of communication between the two parties, said the senator.  He added that in the majority of cases, Latino organizations are very small and often lack the resources to apply for grants.

The senators plan calls for philanthropic foundations to advertise upcoming grant opportunities through the Spanish-speaking media.  Under the plan, foundations will also offer Latino organizations and nonprofits workshops on grant-writing and technical assistance during the application process.

However, nonprofit directors complained that even when they do apply for grants from foundations, the money is never offered.

We give aid to hundreds of thousands of citizens, not only Latinos, and we have asked for funding but the answer is always no, said Yolanda Sanchez, director of the Puerto Rican Association for Community Action (PRACA).

For his part, Schumer indicated that he would organize a meeting in the near future between foundation directors and community organizations.
	
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              <text>U.S. Middle East envoy General Anthony Zinni is slated to headline a gala dinner next month at the Israel Policy Forum, the dovish American group that was once synonymous with the Clinton administrations Middle East policy.
Scheduled for April 7 at Manhattan's splashy Chelsea Piers, the dinner will be the retired Marine general's first major appearance as envoy before an American Jewish audience. It comes at a particularly sensitive time, as American Jewish organizations are jostling for a position to influence American Middle East policy.
Although IPF said it had invited Zinni two months ago, before he was sent back to the region, his appearance prompted ample speculation about what he would say and to whom he chose to say it.
IPF, which was founded in 1993 to rally support for the Oslo peace accords, points to the Zinni appearance as a sign of its growing clout with the Bush administration. IPF leaders said that in the last two months they had been holding frequent briefings with top administration officials, urging a more active U.S. role.
Organizations that have been cooler to U.S. involvement since the collapse of the Oslo peace process publicly downplayed the significance of the Zinni appearance. Those opposed to Oslo harshly criticized Zinni's acceptance of the IPF invitation. Privately, many say IPF holds little sway with the administration.
By continuing to advocate outreach to Arabs in an atmosphere in which most Jewish organizations are highlighting the futility of negotiating with the Palestinians, IPF has set itself apart.
While more hawkish groups have blasted the proposal by Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah calling on Israel to return territories to the Palestinians in exchange for rapprochment with surrounding Arab countries, IPF officials have called it "a good example of how other Arab parties can play a constructive role" in resolving the Middle East conflict.
[The Jerusalem Post reported that a Palestinian delegation had traveled to Saudi Arabia last week to try to convince the Saudis to include an agreement reached at Taba in the fall of 2000, when Clinton's team was still brokering the negotiations. The Palestinians reportedly urged that the Saudi plan include a "just, agreed solution" to the refugee problem, putting the Saudis and Palestinians at odds with Syria and Lebanon which demanded explicit endorsement of the "right of return."]
Some say the planned Zinni appearance highlights a growing rift between IPF and other more mainstream organizations such as the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, American Jewry's main consensus umbrella organization on Israel, which has maintained a more cautious approach to American involvement in the Middle East.
Michael Sonnenfeld, chairman emeritus of IPF and one of its two co-founders, said that he had brokered the Zinni appearance. "It will be the most high-profile, largest Jewish audience that he will address," Sonnenfeld said.
"We've been directly in touch with him and with his people, and we haven't been given indication that he will not be there, but it's obviously a very fluid situation," added Jonathan Jacoby, a consultant to IPF and its former executive director.
A spokesman for Zinni at the State Department did not return calls for comment.
Sonnenfeld said he met Zinni at a State Department lunch last November, shortly after the general was named special envoy, and had kept in touch ever since. IPF has maintained particularly close ties to the State Department, whose Middle East division includes Clinton administration holdovers, among them Zinni's deputy, Aaron Miller, who has long been a friend of IPF.
Sonnefeld said that in the last two months IPF had begun briefing "senior members of the administration" privately on a study that it had commissioned in June and will publicly unveil at the gala.
Carried out by IPF independent scholar Stephen P. Cohen, the study, "Foundations for a Future Peace," lists "ten principles for Mideast peacemaking." These include involving the United States "as the credible, effective primary mediator" and encouraging the Arab states to play an active role.
In its briefings with the administration, "we've received extraordinarily warm feedback about the insight and how helpful the results of this first phase of our study are," Sonnenfeld said.
"I think the combination of the briefings that we've had, the participation by members of the administration through our weekly briefings and our materials have all combined to create a set of building blocks on which the relationship had been built."
Jacoby declined to specify which individuals IPF had briefed. He said the group had met with "basically every key person in the State Department, Defense Department, White House and vice president's office that deals with the Middle East."
He said the most recent briefing was with Senate staffers last week.
Some hawks saw the Zinni appearance as a sign that the Bush administration did not have Israel's best interests at heart.
"In politics, everything is carefully planned out, and I believe this has policy implications," said Morton Klein, president of the Zionist Organization of America. "Zinni speaking to a far-left group that supports one-sided concessions makes one question whether those are the real views of the administration that Zinni represents."
"Just as [Former Prime Minister] Ehud Barak made his first major speech in the U.S. to the IPF, sending a clear signal of one-sided concessions to come," Klein said, "I think Zinni's choosing, as his first major public forum in the Jewish world, a group founded by the Labor party from the far left sends a very disturbing message."
Klein said it was "a mistake" that Zinni "has chosen to speak to an organization that represents a fringe element of the American Jewish world, and certainly doesn't represent in any way, shape or form the policies of the Israeli government."
"I hope Zinni will share what's really going on with Arafat rather than IPF trying to share with him their outdated philosophies," said Rabbi Pesach Lerner, executive vice president of the National Council of Young Israel, a right-wing Orthodox group. "It's too much already! How can anyone honestly believe that Arafat's a partner that can be trusted?"
For its part, IPF calls itself a "centrist" group and claims that it represents the mainstream of American Jewry, which it said was in favor of Oslo.
"If the Conference of Presidents by consensus were to conclude that the most important thing that could happen in the peace process is that the American government be central to it, then I guess there never would have been an Israel Policy Forum," said Theodore Mann, a member of the IPF executive committee and a former chairman of the President's Conference during the Carter administration.
Other groups downplayed its significance. "AIPAC thinks it's great that Gen. Zinni is addressing the Jewish community about his recent trip," said Rebecca Needler, a spokeswoman for the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, the pro-Israel lobby.
"I make nothing of it except that they were smart enough to issue an invitation, and he accepted in advance," said Abraham Foxman, national director of the Anti-Defamation League. "However, if he is successful he may not be here for April 7."
To say IPF was the new address for the administration in the Jewish community "would be an overstatement," Foxman said. He dismissed the idea that IPF was overshadowing the Conference of Presidents in the administration's eyes. "I think this is making something out of nothing," he said.
The Zinni appearance "doesn't mean that they won't be in touch with other groups and will ignore them," said Rabbi Eric Yoffie, president of the Reform movement's Union of American Hebrew Congregations, referring to the Bush administration. Rather, he said, "people who've advocated an American involvement are an address for this kind of presentation."
Yet some of the same groups that downplayed the Zinni appearance have had their own share of bad blood with IPF in recent weeks. Earlier this month the Presidents Conference and AIPAC boycotted an IPF-brokered meeting in Washington with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak after it emerged that the Egyptians had banned Foxman from the meeting because of his harsh criticism of anti-Semitic tirades in the Egyptian press.
IPF representatives attended the March 5 meeting, which was co-organized by the American Jewish Committee, as did representatives of Americans for Peace Now and the Jewish Council for Public Affairs.
Other members of the Conference of Presidents said they were agnostic on the Zinni appearance at IPF.
"I don't think it's an endorsement of the IPF," said Mandell Ganchrow, executive vice president of the Religious Zionists of America. "I don't think it sends any statement except from the point of view of IPF. They believe in the peace process; it's something they're trying to push."
The IPF dinner will honor Marcia Riklis, a Jewish community activist who chaired the IPF's study group on Middle East diplomacy; Gail Furman, a Middle East peace activist and clinical psychologist at New York University Medical School who has compiled a book of drawings by Israeli and Palestinian children, and Peter Joseph, a Manhattan investment banker who is the president-elect of the new Jewish Community Center in Manhattan.

&lt;i&gt;The Forward is the English-language sister paper of the Yiddish Forward and Russian Forward, Jewish papers that cover the national and international news in Manhattan.&lt;/i&gt; 
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                  <text>"Voices That Must Be Heard" Articles</text>
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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>Moinuddin Naser</text>
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              <text>Since 1993, several hundred Bangladeshis have bought buildings in Brooklyn, Manhattan and Long Island through newly-licensed Bangladeshi real estate agents, and rented the buildings to tenants. But as the recession hits the Bangladeshi community, landlords face growing tenant delinquency and are selling their buildings in Queens, and relocating to comparatively cheap areas in Long Island, Brooklyn, Richmond, Staten Island and the Bronx. </text>
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              <text>The state New Yorks of Bangladeshi landlords, Weekly Thikana, 28 June 2002. Translated from Banlga by Moinuddin Naser 

Many Bangladeshi landlords who live in Queens and Manhattan face growing dilemmas. They have problems making their mortgage payments because their tenants are not paying their rent on time. Therefore, they sometimes keep their buildings vacant until they find reliable tenants.  With the buildings vacant, they still have trouble with their mortgage payments. As a result, owners who bought houses with small down payments face hardships paying off their mortgage. 

Since 1993, several hundred Bangladeshis have bought houses in Brooklyn, Manhattan and Long Island through newly licensed Bangladeshi real estate agents. Many became building owners with only a five-to-ten percent down payment. As a result, their mortgage payments are higher than average. However, they were easily able to manage the payments from the rent they collected. As a result, many Bangladeshis enthusiastically pursued home ownership, usually at no additional cost than their previous monthly rent. To buy houses, they often spent all of their savings and applied for a lot of credit.

Most owners preferred Bangladeshi tenants. But now things have changed, as many landlords and tenants are tangled in litigationleaving many owners without rent payments for six to seven months. In many places, it has been hard to find tenants. As a result, the owners, who depended on the tenants rent to pay the loan, have failed to repay the outstanding installments. Therefore, many Bangladeshis have had to work overtime and their wives have taken jobs as well, leaving their children unattendeda bad situation for the family. 

The landlords of Bangladeshi community are relocating to the cheaper areas of New York. Tenants are also moving to these cheaper areas to reduce their rent.

Many Bangladeshi homeowners are selling their houses in Astoria, Jamaica, Elmhurst, Long Island City and Jackson Heights, and relocating to comparatively cheap areas in Long Island; Brooklyn; Richmond, Staten Island; and the Bronx, where their presence contributes to the law and order of their neighborhoods. 

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                <text>The state of New Yorks Bangladeshi landlords</text>
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                <text>Since 1993, several hundred Bangladeshis have bought buildings in Brooklyn, Manhattan and Long Islan</text>
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